Environmental concern regarding the effect of humidity and temperature on 2019-nCoV survival: fact or fiction
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Environmental concern regarding the effect of humidity and temperature on 2019-nCoV survival: fact or fiction Narges Nazari Harmooshi 1 & Kiarash Shirbandi 2 & Fakher Rahim 3,4 Received: 1 April 2020 / Accepted: 15 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The new coronavirus, called 2019-nCoV, is a new type of virus that was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Environmental conditions necessary for survival and spread of 2019-nCoV are somewhat transparent but unlike animal coronaviruses. We are poorly aware of their survival in environment and precise factors of their transmission. Countries located in east and west of globe did not have a significant impact on prevalence of disease among communities, and on the other hand, north and south have provided a model for relative prediction of disease outbreaks. The 2019-nCoV can survive for up to 9 days at 25 °C, and if this temperature rises to 30 °C, its lifespan will be shorter. The 2019-nCoV is sensitive to humidity, and lifespan of viruses in 50% humidity is longer than that of 30%. Also, temperature and humidity are important factors influencing the COVID-19 mortality rate and may facilitate 2019-nCoV transmission. Thus, considering the available and recent evidence, it seems that low temperatures, as well as dry and unventilated air, may affect stability and transmissibility of 2019-nCoV. Keywords Environmental factors . Humidity . Temperature . Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) . 2019-nCoV . COVID-19
Introduction The new coronavirus, called 2019-nCoV, is a new type of virus that was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 (Ghinai et al. 2020). The 2019-nCoV is from same family as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), communityacquired pneumonia (CAP), and other common colds. The 2019-nCoV is a relatively large virus with a size of about 1– 2 nm and is from a group of enveloped virus family, Responsible editor: Lotfi Aleya * Fakher Rahim [email protected] 1
Epidemiology, Deputy of Health, Health Centre, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
2
Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
3
School of Health, Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
4
Clinical Research Development Unit, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
containing a positive-sense single-stranded RNA (Fehr and Perlman 2015; Ebrahimi et al. 2020). The virus is transmitted through direct contact with infected person's respiratory droplets (coughing and sneezing), as well as contact with infected surfaces. The 2019-nCoV can survive for hours on surfaces, but a simple disinfectant can eliminate it (Lai et al. 2020a). COVID-19 signs and symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. In more severe cases, the infection can lead
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