Effect of low temperature and relative humidity on reproduction and survival of the tick Rhipicephalus microplus
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Effect of low temperature and relative humidity on reproduction and survival of the tick Rhipicephalus microplus Leandra Marla Oshiro1 · Vinicius da Silva Rodrigues2 · Marcos Valerio Garcia1 · Leandro de Oliveira Souza Higa1 · Adriane Suzin3 · Jacqueline Cavalcante Barros4 · Renato Andreotti4 Received: 26 August 2020 / Accepted: 13 November 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the survival of Rhipicephalus microplus females under low temperature, to determine the influence of temperature and relative humidity (RH) on the biological parameters of this tick. In total 300 viable engorged female ticks collected from cattle were used. On the day of collection (D0), 30 female ticks were divided into three groups: G1, kept at 28 °C and 80% RH; G2, kept at 20 °C and 80% RH; and G3, kept at 20 °C and 30% RH. The remaining females were stored in a refrigerator at 4 °C. Over the next 9 days (D+1 to D+9), 30 female ticks were removed daily from the refrigerator and distributed among the three treatments. Egg mass, feed conversion rate, egg incubation period, larval hatch rate, number of dead females per group, weight of female tick removed from the refrigerator, and female tick weight loss were recorded. At 20 °C and 80% RH hatching was delayed. Among the female ticks kept in the refrigerator and then allocated to groups G1, G2, and G3, there was a reduction in reproductive efficiency and a rise in mortality as time in the refrigerator increased. The female ticks expressed their best reproductive capacity when subjected to the refrigeration temperature for a maximum of 3 days and then kept at 28 °C and 80% RH. Thus, although female ticks can be stored in the refrigerator before being sent to research centers for use in bioassays, the storage time should be as short as possible, not exceeding 3 days. Keywords Cattle tick · Temperature · Humidity · Biology · Laboratory conditions
* Renato Andreotti [email protected] 1
Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa Agropecuária e Ambiental (Fundapam)/ Laboratório de Biologia do Carrapato/ Embrapa Gado de Corte, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
2
Doutorando no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia e Parasitologia Aplicadas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
3
Doutoranda no Programa de Pós‑Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
4
Embrapa Gado de Corte, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
13
Vol.:(0123456789)
Experimental and Applied Acarology
Introduction Ticks are obligate ectoparasites of which more than 950 species are currently cataloged (Dantas-Torres et al. 2019). In Brazil, 75 species distributed in two families, Argasidae and Ixodidae, are known (Martins et al. 2019; Labruna et al. 2020; Muñoz-Leal et al. 2020; Onofrio et al. 2020). Of the tick species that occur in Brazil, Rhipicephalus microplus (known as the cattle tick) is the one that causes the greatest impact on cattle, being respon
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