Environmental DNA analysis provides an overview of distribution patterns of two dojo loach species within the Naka-ikemi
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SHORT REPORT
Environmental DNA analysis provides an overview of distribution patterns of two dojo loach species within the Naka‑ikemi Wetland, Fukui Prefecture, Japan Ryuya Okada1 · Satsuki Tsuji2,3 · Naoki Shibata2 · Keigo Morita1 · Tadao Kitagawa1 · Hiroki Yamanaka4 Received: 7 December 2019 / Revised: 16 August 2020 / Accepted: 20 August 2020 © The Ichthyological Society of Japan 2020
Abstract In the Naka-ikemi Wetland, a cryptic species of the dojo loach, Misgurnus sp. Type I (called Type I loach herein), inhabits along with the common nominal species, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (called Type II loach herein). In this study, the distribution patterns of two loaches were investigated by environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis and previously suggested habitat segregation between two sympatric loaches was discussed. Type I loach tended to have a limited distribution, mainly inhabiting the northern part of the wetland; Type II loach tended to be widely distributed across the central to southern parts of the wetland. Both loaches occurred sympatrically in some areas throughout the sampling periods, indicating that they did not completely segregate their habitats. Keywords Cryptic species · Type I loach · Naka-ikemi Wetland · Real-time PCR
Introduction The dojo loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus species complex (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae) inhabits the muddy bottoms of creeks, ponds, wetlands, and paddy fields across East Asia, including the Japanese Archipelago (Saitoh 1989). In the Japanese dojo loach, a rare mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Ryuya Okada and Satsuki Tsuji contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-020-00776-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Tadao Kitagawa [email protected] 1
Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327‑204, Nakamachi, Nara, Nara 631‑8505, Japan
2
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, 1‑5, Yokotani, Seta Oe‑cho, Otsu 520‑2194, Japan
3
Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 2‑16‑1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi 755‑8611, Japan
4
Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, 1‑5, Yokotani, Seta Oe‑cho, Otsu 520‑2194, Japan
type [called Type I loach, or clade A by Morishima et al. (2008) and Koizumi et al. (2009)] has been reported to have a restricted distribution, occurring discontinuously in certain parts of northeastern Japan. Conversely, the common mtDNA type of dojo loach [called Type II loach, also called subclades B1 and B2 by Morishima et al. (2008) or clades B and C by Koizumi et al. (2009)] is widely distributed throughout the Japanese Archipelago (Morishima et al. 2008; Koizumi et al. 2009; Shimizu and Takagi 2010; Kitagawa et al. 2011; Fujimoto et al. 2017; Okada et al. 2017) (Fig. 1). Although both mtDNA types are sympatrically detected in hybrid populations containing triploid or/ and clone lineages (Morishima et al. 2008; Yamad
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