Environmental Issues of Deep-Sea Mining Impacts, Consequences and Po
This volume discusses environmental issues associated with deep-sea mining, with an emphasis on potential impacts, their consequences and the policy perspectives. The book describes the methods and technologies to assess, monitor and mitigate mining impac
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Environmental Issues of Deep-Sea Mining Impacts, Consequences and Policy Perspectives
Environmental Issues of Deep-Sea Mining
Rahul Sharma Editor
Environmental Issues of Deep-Sea Mining Impacts, Consequences and Policy Perspectives
Editor Rahul Sharma CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography Dona Paula, Goa, India
ISBN 978-3-030-12695-7 ISBN 978-3-030-12696-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12696-4 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover Image: A schematic showing the processes involved in deep-sea mining for the three main types of mineral deposits. (Left to Right: hydrothermal sulphides, polymetallic nodules, ferromanganese crusts - Not to scale) (Adopted from: Kathryn A. Miller, Kirsten Thompson, Paul Johnston, David Santillo, 2018. An Overview of Seabed Mining Including the Current State of Development, Environmental Impacts, and Knowledge Gaps. Front. Mar. Sci., volume 4, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00418). This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Below: Seabed photographs of benthic organisms associated with deep-sea minerals in different oceans:
Image of the seafloor in the abyssal Pacific showing manganese nodules and large deep-water prawn (Bathystylodactylus sp.). Image shows an area of seafloor approximately 50cm across. (Credit: Image courtesy Dr Daniel Jones, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton)
Typical area of rocky seabed away from the ridge axis with the crinoid Anachalypsicrinus nefertiti and some large sponges. Mid Atlantic Ridge, depth c. 2400m. (Credit: Image courtesy Dr Daniel Jones, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK. ECOMAR Project)
Abundant Chrysomallon squamiferum and Gigantopelta aegis, with Kiwa n. sp. “SWIR
