Environmentally responsive QTL controlling surface wax load in switchgrass
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Environmentally responsive QTL controlling surface wax load in switchgrass Jennifer Bragg1 · Pernell Tomasi2 · Li Zhang3 · Tina Williams1 · Delilah Wood1 · John T. Lovell4 · Adam Healey4 · Jeremy Schmutz4,5 · Jason E. Bonnette3 · Prisca Cheng1 · Lisa Chanbusarakum1 · Thomas Juenger3 · Christian M. Tobias1 Received: 1 May 2020 / Accepted: 3 August 2020 © This is a U.S. government work and its text is not subject to copyright protection in the United States; however, its text may be subject to foreign copyright protection 2020
Abstract Key message Quantitation of leaf surface wax on a population of switchgrass identified three significant QTL present across six environments that contribute to leaf glaucousness and wax composition and that show complex genetic × environmental (G × E) interactions. Abstract The C4 perennial grass Panicum virgatum (switchgrass) is a native species of the North American tallgrass prairie. This adaptable plant can be grown on marginal lands and is useful for soil and water conservation, biomass production, and as a forage. Two major switchgrass ecotypes, lowland and upland, differ in a range of desirable traits, and the responsible underlying loci can be localized efficiently in a pseudotestcross design. An outbred four-way cross (4WCR) mapping population of 750 F2 lines was used to examine the genetic basis of differences in leaf surface wax load between two lowland (AP13 and WBC) and two upland (DAC and VS16) tetraploid cultivars. The objective of our experiments was to identify wax compositional variation among the population founders and to map underlying loci responsible for surface wax variation across environments. GCMS analyses of surface wax extracted from 4WCR F0 founders and F1 hybrids reveal higher levels of wax in lowland genotypes and show quantitative differences of β-diketones, primary alcohols, and other wax constituents. The full mapping population was sampled over two seasons from four field sites with latitudes ranging from 30 to 42 °N, and leaf surface wax was measured. We identified three high-confidence QTL, of which two displayed significant G × E effects. Over 50 candidate genes underlying the QTL regions showed similarity to genes in either Arabidopsis or barley known to function in wax synthesis, modification, regulation, and transport. Communicated by Herman J. van Eck. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-020-03659-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Christian M. Tobias [email protected] 1
Western Regional Research Center, Crop Improvement and Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA, USA
2
Arid‑Land Agricultural Research Center, Plant Physiology and Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Maricopa, AZ, USA
3
Department of Integrative Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Universi
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