Epidemiological study to investigate the incidence and prevalence of clinical mastitis, peracute mastitis, metabolic dis
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(2020) 16:389
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Epidemiological study to investigate the incidence and prevalence of clinical mastitis, peracute mastitis, metabolic disorders and peripartum disorders, on a dairy farm in a temperate zone in Japan Yuki Fukushima1†, Erina Kino2†, Aina Furutani1, Tomoya Minamino3, Yoko Mikurino3, Yoichiro Horii3,4, Kazuyuki Honkawa3 and Yosuke Sasaki1,2,4*
Abstract Background: Our aim was to investigate the incidence and prevalence of clinical mastitis, peracute mastitis, metabolic disorders, and peripartum disorders, and to examine factors affecting the prevalence of each disease in cows raised on a large dairy farm in a temperate climate in Japan. The present study was performed on a large commercial dairy farm with approximately 2500 Holstein cows. Data were collected from 2014 to 2018, and involved 9663 calving records for 4256 cows. Results: The incidence rate on the farm was 21.9% for clinical mastitis, 10.4% for peracute mastitis, 2.9% for metabolic disorders, and 3.2% for peripartum disorders. The prevalence rates for clinical mastitis, peracute mastitis, metabolic disorders, and peripartum disorders were 28.0, 13.3, 3.7, and 4.0%, respectively. In all four diseases, the probability of time to occurrence for each disease was associated with parity and calving season (P < 0.05). Regarding metabolic disorders and peripartum disorders, the probability of occurrence decreased during the first 10 days after calving. Conclusions: Our results showed that clinical mastitis occurred most often in this temperate zone, and that metabolic disorders and peripartum disorders occurred from calving to day 10 post-calving. Keywords: Clinical mastitis, Dairy cow, Metabolic disorders, Peracute mastitis, Peripartum disorders
Background In dairy cattle production, many farms are located in cold climate zones to minimize the negative effects of heat stress on cow productivity such as milk yield and conception rate [2, 6, 24]. However, some farms are * Correspondence: [email protected] † Yuki Fukushima and Erina Kino contributed equally to this work. 1 Course of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan 2 Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
located in temperate zones to meet the demand for raw milk. Our previous study conducted in temperate zone quantified the effect of heat stress on productivity such as 305-milk yield and days open [21]. However, to our knowledge, the effect of seasonality on prevalence and incidence rate of disease has not been investigated in farms located in temperate climate zone. Incidence and prevalence are the two basic measures of disease frequency. Incidence is a rate and is defined as the number of new cases during a certain period of time, whereas prevalence is a proportion and is defined as a population
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