Erbium Alloyed Aluminum Nitride Films for Piezoelectric Applications
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1129-V09-02
Erbium Alloyed Aluminum Nitride Films for Piezoelectric Applications A. Kabulski1, V. Pagán1, and D. Korakakis1,2 Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, U.S.A. 2 National Energy Technology Laboratory, 3610 Collins Ferry Road, Morgantown, West Virginia 26507-0880
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ABSTRACT Aluminum nitride (AlN) films have been explored for sensor and actuator applications, but the resultant piezoelectric coefficient is still too low to make the films more competitive with more commonly used piezoelectric materials such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT). While AlN does have the disadvantage of a lower piezoelectric response, it does have the ability to maintain its piezoelectric properties above 400oC, something that is not possible with other piezoelectric materials. It is desirable to achieve a larger piezoelectric response for AlN in order to facilitate the integration of nitride based devices into existing technologies but conventional methods of improving the response by growing higher quality film only result in slight improvements in the piezoelectric response. A method of improving the d33 piezoelectric coefficient beyond any values found in literature may be possible by exploring methods of improving PZT films. Rare earth doping has been reported to improve the piezoelectric properties of PZT resulting in significant increases in the piezoelectric coefficient. Research has been conducted using rare earth dopants to improve upon the optical properties of AlN, but the impact on piezoelectric effect has never been considered. Thin, 250-1000 nm, AlN:Er films have been reactively sputtered using erbium (Er)/aluminum alloyed targets to explore any improvement in piezoelectric properties of the AlN:Er films as compared to AlN films. AlN films with 0.5 and 1.5% Er concentrations have been found to have piezoelectric coefficients that are larger than comparable ‘Er-free’ AlN films. AlN films with only 0.5% Er quantities were found to increase the d33 coefficient compared to a similar AlN film depending on the thickness of the film. This increase results in d33,f values greater than 7pm/V which is larger than most values found in literature. By increasing the Er content to 1.5%, values of d33,f were found to be as large as 15 pm/V. This enhanced piezoelectric response is still lower than that of PZT, but can be used to create superior actuator devices than that of typical AlN films. INTRODUCTION Much research has been performed on methods of improving the material properties of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) using rare earth dopants [1-6]. This research has led to PZT-based films that exhibit superior piezoelectric, hydrostatic piezoelectric and pyroelectric coefficients as well as improvements in the dielectric constant, fracture toughness, and strength of the material [1,2]. Similar research has also been conducted on other piezoelectric materials such as BNT6BT. The addition of a rare earth dopant was found to create large interfacial polarization due
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