Ergonomic Risk Assessment of Sea Fishermen Part I: Manual Material Handling
Many epidemiological and questionnaire based studies reported that fishermen had a high incidence of musculoskeletal disorders. To our knowledge this is the first time that manual material handling tasks have been investigated aboard. We investigated seve
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Abstract Many epidemiological and questionnaire based studies reported that fishermen had a high incidence of musculoskeletal disorders. To our knowledge this is the first time that manual material handling tasks have been investigated aboard. We investigated several manual material handling tasks in sea fishermen by means of different tools: NIOSH revisited protocol, 3DSSPP and heart rate. We found LI between 2.77 and 6.34, while handling boxes from the boat to the truck, and between 1.63 and 5.83, while transferring boxes outside the cold storage on the boat. Furthermore 3DSSPP© analysis showed low/medium level of low back compression force but low strength capability at shoulder, hip and trunk level. Lastly heart rate measurement while handling crates from the ship deck to the cold storage and inside the cold storage showed a significant increase of heart rate respectively of 42.7 and 40.5 %. Results showed high values of risk for all the tasks investigated. Keywords Relative cost cardiac NIOSH protocol Heart rate
3DSSPP CCr Musculoskeletal disorders
1 Introduction According to EU data [1], the fishing sector is the one with the highest injury rate of all other sectors. There are several studies reported in literature that confirm EU data [2–4]. These studies, primarily based on medical history survey questionnaires, showed that musculoskeletal disorders are the most frequent diseases among fishermen. Due to the specific characteristics of sea fishermen’s work (exposure to extreme temperatures, boat instability, slipperiness of the floor) the commonly standardized protocols for biomechanical risk assessment can hardly be used. A. Silvetti (&) A. Ranavolo S. Iavicoli F. Draicchio INAIL Research Area—DiMEILA, Via F. Candida 1, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy e-mail: [email protected] E. Munafò ITAL UIL, Via Po 162, 00198 Rome, Italy © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 R.H.M. Goossens (ed.), Advances in Social & Occupational Ergonomics, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 487, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41688-5_29
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Several authors [5–7] used physiological parameters such as surface electromyography or heart rate to assess biomechanical overload in fishermen. Also Digital Human Modelling methods [7] or postural analysis methods [8] have been used in fishermen biomechanical risk assessment. Biswas found an average relative cardiac cost (CCr) of 36 % on 10 land fishermen. Similar values of biomechanical efforts have been found also from Astrand [5] on 14 fishermen. Zhang [7] found high values of surface electromyography (sEMG) from left and right erector spinae and a value of 2643 N at L5/S1 level while handling and stocking 10 kg crates on board simulation; Zhang [7] states that the values obtained are probably underestimated with respect to real working conditions. Lastly Yusuff [8] found REBA values between 7 and 11 in five different lifting tasks corresponding to medium/high risk level. The aim of the study is to assess, in real working conditions, some
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