Establishment and Application of Infant Formula Fingerprints by RP-HPLC
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Establishment and Application of Infant Formula Fingerprints by RP-HPLC Peipei Gao 1 & Bo Shi 1 & Zhicheng Li 1 & Ping Wang 2 & Chengcheng Yin 1 & Yanjun Yin 3 & Linsen Zan 4
Received: 17 January 2017 / Accepted: 31 May 2017 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2017
Abstract An efficient method for rapid and simple identification of infant formula quality was investigated so as to prevent brand counterfeit of infant formulas. Reversed-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method combined with chemometric method was developed for fingerprints analysis. To optimize the RP-HPLC conditions, the RP-HPLC analysis was performed on a C8 column by using gradient elution with 0.1% (v/v) aqueous trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in water as mobile phase A and 0.1% (v/v) TFA in acetonitrile as mobile phase B, the flow rate was 0.5 mL min−1, and the detection wavelength was set at 214 nm. Three different stages of infant formulas of two series (R1 and R2) of R brand were analyzed to establish infant formula fingerprints of each series at different stages under optimal conditions. Five major common peaks in each chromatogram of the infant formulas were used in fingerprint analysis. The results showed that the RP-HPLC fingerprints and principal component analysis (PCA) method can effectively differentiate the infant formula of different brands, as well as the different series of infant formulas of the same brand, which provide an effective testing method for authenticity identification and brand protection in infant formulas.
* Zhicheng Li [email protected]; [email protected]
1
College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People’s Republic of China
2
Xi’an Yinqiao Dairy (Group) Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710600, People’s Republic of China
3
Department of Foreign Languages, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People’s Republic of China
4
College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People’s Republic of China
Keywords Infant formula . Fingerprint . Establishment . Principal component analysis (PCA) . RP-HPLC
Introduction Infant formulas are designed to closely resemble the composition of human milk and produce physiologic responses as close as possible to those in breastfed infants (Lien 2003; Alles et al. 2004). In recent years, the reasons for women stopped breastfeeding included sore nipples, inadequate milk supply, and the perception that the infant was not satiated (Ahluwalia et al. 2005). Meantime, the two-child policy has been fully enacted in 2015 in China, which is expected to enter a new round of growth peak and the demand for infant formula will rapidly increase, for the normal growth and development of infants are closely related to the quality of infant formula (Xu et al. 2009a, b). With the advent of the free trade, infant formula market is highly competitive, which results in some counterfeit products. The melamine incident in 2008 (Qiao et al. 2012) has caused more foreign milk powders to enter the Chinese mar
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