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Estimating genetic polymorphism in Bhuiyan population of eastern India using 20 autosomal STR loci Gauraw Kumar 1 & Tanya Chauhan 1 & K. P. S. Kushwaha 1 & Shivani Dixit 2 & R. K. Kumawat 3 & Pankaj Shrivastava 2 Received: 6 May 2020 / Accepted: 3 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract We conducted a study of 182 unrelated adult individuals belonging to Bhuiyan population resident of Eastern India in order to estimate genetic polymorphism by using 20 autosomal STR loci. The results obtained from this study were compared with the published data of Indian and neighbouring countries’ populations. This research study is expected to contribute significantly to forensic investigations for human identification and parentage testing. Keywords Bhuiyan population (Jharkhand) . Genetic polymorphism . Autosomal STRs . PowerPlex® 21

‘Bhuiyan’ is a word is derived from Sanskrit, which means ‘Lord of the soil’ as well as ‘belonging to the soil’ [1]. Bhuiyan, the largest tribal population in the world, is a native of Jharkhand (India). They are also found in the states of Assam, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal. Individuals belonging to this population are darkbrown, of medium height, with plenty of black and straight hair on the head and they are capable of performing strenuous work. They are generally married endogamously [2]. For this evaluation, blood samples were collected from 182 unrelated Bhuiyan individuals residing in the Palamau district of Jharkhand (India) after obtaining written informed consent (Fig. S1). Individuals above 18 years were considered for this study. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the LNJN National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science, Gauraw Kumar, Tanya Chauhan and Shivani Dixit contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-020-02391-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Pankaj Shrivastava [email protected] 1

LNJN National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science, Rohini, Delhi 110085, India

2

DNA Fingerprinting Unit, State Forensic Science Laboratory, Department of Home (Police), Govt. of MP, 470001 Sagar, India

3

DNA Division, State Forensic Science Laboratory, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302016, India

New Delhi, vide letter no. 17/18/2017-LNJN NICFS. Liquid blood samples were processed directly for amplification using the PowerPlex® 21 system (Promega, CA, USA-Promega) [3]. For separation of DNA fragments, capillary electrophoresis was done on ABI 3500XL Genetic Analyser using 36-cm capillaries and POP 4 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, USA-Thermo). Data obtained from electrophoresis was analysed through GeneMapper® ID-X Software Version 1.5 (Thermo). For quality control purposes, laboratory procedures used internal control standards and the controls provided in the kits. Allelic frequency and statistical parameters of for