Estimating salinity stress via hsp70 expression in the invasive round goby ( Neogobius melanostomus ): implications for
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PRIMARY RESEARCH PAPER
Estimating salinity stress via hsp70 expression in the invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus): implications for further range expansion R. Puntila-Dodd
. D. Bekkevold
. J. W. Behrens
Received: 12 May 2020 / Revised: 12 September 2020 / Accepted: 19 October 2020 / Published online: 17 November 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Species invasions often occur on coasts and estuaries where abiotic conditions vary, e.g. salinity, temperature, runoff etc. Successful establishment and dispersal of non-indigenous species in many such systems are poorly understood, partially since the species tend to show genetic and ecological plasticity at population level towards many abiotic conditions, including salinity tolerance. Plasticity may be driven by shifting expression of heat shock proteins such as Hsp70, which is widely recognized as indicator of physical stress. In this study, we developed a qPCR assay for expression of the hsp70 gene in the invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) and tested the expression response of fish collected from a brackish environment in the western Baltic Sea to three different salinities, 0, 10 and 30. hsp70 expression was highest in fresh water, indicating higher stress,
Handling editor: Jonne Kotta. R. Puntila-Dodd (&) Finnish Environment Institute, Marine Research Centre, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland e-mail: [email protected] D. Bekkevold National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark (DTU Aqua), Silkeborg, Denmark J. W. Behrens National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark (DTU Aqua), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
and lower at brackish (ambient condition for the sampled population) and oceanic salinities, suggestive of low stress response to salinities above the population’s current distribution. The highest stress in fresh water was surprising since populations in fresh water exist, e.g. large European rivers and Laurentian Great Lakes. The results have implications to predictions for the species’ plasticity potential and possible range expansion of the species into other salinity regimes. Keywords Environmental stress qPCR Invasive species Salinity tolerance Biomarker
Introduction Biological invasions increasingly are reported; however, the mechanisms facilitating establishment and spread under often novel biotic and abiotic conditions are often unresolved and understudied (e.g. Jaspers et al., 2018). Invasions frequently occur in estuarine areas (Preisler et al., 2009), where salinity gradients or fluctuations are present. Salinity thus may be a primary abiotic factor that the individuals and populations need to be able to tolerate and acclimate to when invading new areas. One hypothesis is that invasive organisms may be able to tolerate, and therefore, their populations may display plasticity in, otherwise physiologically stressful conditions via
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Hydrobiologia (2021) 848:421–429
altering gene expressi
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