Estimating the indices of inter-transmissibility magnitude of active surficial hydrogeologic units in Itu, Akwa Ibom Sta
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Estimating the indices of inter-transmissibility magnitude of active surficial hydrogeologic units in Itu, Akwa Ibom State, southern Nigeria N. J. George 1 & J. C. Ibuot 2 & A. M. Ekanem 1 & A. M. George 3 Received: 3 August 2016 / Accepted: 14 March 2018 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2018
Abstract Itu Local Government Area is prone to groundwater contamination occasioned by saltwater due to the geographical location and the aquifer unit inter-transmissibility between the communicating/interconnected pores of the waterbearing units. This inter-transmissibility causes the continuous distribution of contamination among interconnected aquifer repositories. The study integrated the surface electric mapping and laboratory analysis of geologic samples and their corresponding water samples in estimating the transmissibility-dependent petrophysical parameters. The functional relationships between parameters have been determined. Maps of the spatial distribution of the estimated geohydraulic parameters have been drawn. Quantitative links of measured parameters to transmissibility have established. The resulting inferences based on the indices or magnitudes of the parameters measured helped in delineating the directions of water transmission within and across the hydrogeological units under study. The inferred result of permeability serves as a guide in identifying the southern zone of the area under study as having relatively reduced hydraulic pressure gradient differential, while the northern region has on the average, high hydraulic gradient differentials. The results of directions of inter-transmissibility of hydrodynamic properties in aquifer units are promising and capable of increasing the depth of knowledge on groundwater contamination and hence provide substantial input parameters that can enhance groundwater modelling within and near the study location. Keywords Permeability . Communicating pores . Transmissibility . Pore properties . Verticalelectrical sounding(VES) . Geologic samples
Introduction The transmissivity (Tr), which connects the bulk of areal flow through a medium per second (L2 T−1), is highly correlated with transmissibility (the degree or relative ease of fluid flow under unequalled pressure gradient) of water across and within aquifer repositories (Pipe et al. 1981). It
* N. J. George [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Physics (Geophysics Research Group), Akwa Ibom State University, Ikot Akpaden, Mkpat-Enin, Nigeria
2
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
3
Department of Physics, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River, Nigeria
is controlled primarily by the nature of geological formations. Permeability (kp), in common with transmissivity, affords a notion about the water-bearing characteristics of hydrogeological bodies. Permeability and transmissivity values allow for the possibility of identifying a potential water-bearing units. Therefore, knowledge of permeability complemented with transmissivity
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