Estimation of hydraulic parameters of an unconfined aquifer by using geoelectrical and pumping test data: a case study o
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Estimation of hydraulic parameters of an unconfined aquifer by using geoelectrical and pumping test data: a case study of the Mandi Bahauddin District, Pakistan Faheem Ullah 1,2 & Li-Jun Su 1,3,4,2 & Hafeez Ullah 5 & Aamir Asghar 1,2 Received: 9 December 2018 / Accepted: 27 May 2020 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2020
Abstract This study uses a geophysical technique to predict the future availability of water resources in Pakistan. When combined with pumping test data, this method can be used to delineate an aquifer system to determine the aquifer parameters, which can then be used for a region where pumping test data are not obtainable. For this purpose, an analytical relationship is applied with support from interpreted aquifer parameters and pumping test data. The results are verified by vertical electrical sounding (VES) in the Mandi Bahauddin District of Pakistan. Altogether, 28 sequences were carried out using the Schlumberger configuration, with the results showing that the subsurface formation consists of an alluvium lithology up to 183 m. The pumping tests of boreholes and VESs show that the aquifer strata include clay, silt, sand, kankar, and minor gravel mixed facies. The low hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity imply the presence of silt and clay, whereas high conductivity and transmissivity confirm the existence of sand or gravel. The results from pumping test data and resistivity data were used in a regression technique to develop a relationship for an aquifer system. The findings should contribute to the rapid estimation of the hydraulic properties of an aquifer and the rapid determination of aquifer characteristics. Keywords Aquifer . Electrical resistivity sounding . Hydraulic conductivity . Pumping test . Transmissivity
Introduction The hydraulic properties of aquifers—such as their porosity, hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity, and specific yield—are essential metrics for understanding groundwater flow. Therefore, numerous methods have been developed to locate suitable groundwater aquifers and understand their hydrogeological Responsible Editor: Pradeep Naik * Li-Jun Su [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chengdu 610041, China
2
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3
CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
4
China-Pakistan joint Research Center on Earth Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
5
Department of Earth Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
conditions (Davidson and Wilson 2011). The only direct way of exploring subsurface groundwater systems is drilling, which is expensive because numerous bore holes are required to determine the depth, constitution, and geological formation of an area (Farid et al. 2013). Conversely, geophysical techniques can identify various anomalies or geophysical and chemical characteristics such as rock type, the de
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