Estimation of uniaxial compressive strength of pyroclastic rocks (Cappadocia, Turkey) by gene expression programming
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Estimation of uniaxial compressive strength of pyroclastic rocks (Cappadocia, Turkey) by gene expression programming İsmail İnce 1,2 & Ali Bozdağ 1,2 & Mustafa Fener 3 & Sair Kahraman 4 Received: 10 January 2019 / Accepted: 31 October 2019 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2019
Abstract Compressive strength of rocks is an important factor in structural design in rock engineering. Compressive strength can be determined in the laboratory by means of the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) test, or it can be estimated indirectly by simple experiments such as point load strength (PLT) test and Schmidt hammer rebound test. Although the UCS test method is timeconsuming and expensive, it is simple when compared to other methods. Therefore, many studies have been performed to estimate UCS values of rocks. Studies indicated that correlation coefficient of rock groups is low unless they are classified as metamorphic, sedimentary, or volcanic. Pyroclastic rocks are widely used as construction materials because of the fact that they crop out over extensive areas in the world. To estimate the UCS values of pyroclastic rocks in Central and Western Anatolia region, Turkey, multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis and gene expression programming (GEP) were employed and during the analysis, and PLT, ρd, ρs, and n were used as the independent variables. Based on the analysis results, it was detected that the GEP methods gave better results than MLR method. Additionally, the correlation coefficient (R2) values of training and sets of validation of the GEP-I model are 0.8859 and 0.9325, respectively, and this model, thereby, is detected the best of generation individuals for prediction of the UCS. Keywords Uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) . Pyroclastic rocks . Gene expression programming (GEP) . Multiple linear regression (MLR) . Construction materials
Introduction Intact rock strength which is a principal rock property is described as the strength of the rock material separated by discontinuities. It is determined by the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) test in the laboratory. The UCS is used in the different rock engineering projects such as tunneling, Responsible Editor: Murat Karakus * İsmail İnce [email protected] 1
Department of Geological Engineering, Konya Technical University, 42250 Konya, Turkey
2
Department of Geological Engineering, Selçuk University, 42250 Konya, Turkey
3
Department of Geological Engineering, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
4
Department of Mining Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
excavation, drilling, slope stability, etc. It is also used as main input parameter for the rock mass classification systems and of failure criteria of intact rock. There are six major intact rock failure criteria in the literature: MohrCoulomb, Hoek and Brown (1980a), modified Lade (1977), modified Wiebols and Cook (1968), Mogi (1971), and Drucker and Prager (1952). Although some of the criteria have not incorporated the intermediate principal stress, the others inco
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