Etch pit technique for titanium and zirconium
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s l o t t e d r e s i n p l a t e s to p r o v i d e a s e p a r a t i o n of 5 m m . The electropolishing conditions were as follows: 1) t i t a n i u m current: 2 amp
time: 5 min
applied p.d.: 20-35 v
2) z i r c o n i u m c u r r e n t : 2 a m p t i m e : >0.5 m i n a p p l i e d p . d . : 2 0 - 3 5 v The titanium specimen was then immersed for a few s e c o n d s into a n o t h e r b a t h c o n s i s t i n g of c o n c e n t r a t e d HNOs, H F , a n d w a t e r i n t h e r a t i o of 5:3:92. In F i g . 1 e t c h p i t s a r e s h o w n in t h e m a t r i x a n d t w i n s . F r o m t h e s e * t h e t w i n s w e r e d e t e r m i n e d t o b e a {119.2}*From the form of etch pits in the matrix and the twinsin Fig. 1, it is clear that the facets of the pits are composedof basal planesand first order prism planes. Furthermore,m Fig. 1, the tracesof the twins are parallel to the (112n) plane of the matrix, therefore, the twinsare of the type (112n). The angle relationshipwas determinedby using a scanningelectron microscope eqmppedwith a goniometer.The angle,/7,between the basal pole of the matrix and the basal plane of the twin (e g., the twin on the left in Fig. 1) measured 26~ This representsthe angle,90~ where a Is the anglebetween the basal poles of the matrix and the twin. . . . . . (a) On the other hand, whena {1122) twmnmgoccurs, the angle,/3,is calculated at 25036' . . . . . . (b) From (a) and (b) above, it can safelybe said that the twins are of the type
{1122]-. t y p e t w i n , w h i c h i s e x p e c t e d to b e t h e d o m i n a n t t y p e
Etch Pit Technique for Titanium and Zirconium T . T A N A B E , T . O K U B O , AND I. GOKYU
T H E d e t e r m i n a t i o n o f c r y s t a l o r i e n t a t i o n in m o n o and p o l y - c r y s t a l l i n e f c c and b c c m e t a l s w i t h the aid of t h e e t c h pit t e c h n i q u e h a s b e e n c a r r i e d out s u c c e s s f u l l y . H o w e v e r , t h e a p p l i c a t i o n of t h e e t c h p i t t e c h n i q u e to t i t a n i u m a n d z i r c o n i u m h a s n o t b e e n r e p o r t e d . A n e w e t c h pit t e c h n i q u e i s p r o p o s e d h e r e , w h e r e b y c r y s t a l o r i e n t a t i o n c a n b e d e t e r m i n e d in t i t a n i u m a n d zirconium. The materials used were titanium and zirconium s h e e t s of c o m m e r c i a l p u r i t y p r o v i d e d by t h e N i p p o n M i n i n g C o . T h e s p e c i m e n s i z e w a s 10 by 50 b y 0.8 mm. The titanium sheets were slightly cold rolled. Both s p e c i m e n s w e r e e l e c t r o p o l i s h e d p r i o r to e t c h i n g i n a b a t h 1 c o n s i s t i n g of e t h y l a l c o h o l (90 c c ) , n - b u t y l a l c o h o l (10 c c ) , a n h y d r o u s z i n c c h l o r i d e (28 g) a n d a n h y d r o u s a l u m i n u m c h l o r i d e (6 g). T h e s p e c i m e n a n d c a t h o d e ( 1 8 - 8 s t a i n l e s s s t e e l ) w e r e h e l d b y two T. TANABE and T. OKUBO are Research Assistant and Associate Professor, respectively, Engineering Resea
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