Ethnicities and Tribes in Sub-Saharan Africa Opening Old Wounds

This book proposes new avenues for understanding tribal allegiance in Sub-Saharan Africa. Much research on ethnicity and cultural pluralism in Sub-Saharan Africa falsely equates the term "tribe" with "ethnicity" and obscures the differences between Sub-Sa

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S. N. Sangmpam

Ethnicities and Tribes in Sub-Saharan Africa Opening Old Wounds

S. N. Sangmpam Syracuse University Syracuse, USA

ISBN 978-3-319-50199-4 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-50200-7

ISBN 978-3-319-50200-7 (eBook)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2017931359 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: Pattern adapted from an Indian cotton print produced in the 19th century Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I want to thank professors Salikoko Mufwene of the University of Chicago and Valentin Mudimbe of Duke University for their very helpful comments on the manuscript. I alone, however, bear the responsibility for any error of conceptualization and interpretation.

v

CONTENTS

1 Introduction

1

2 Tribe, Ethnicity, and Colonial Rule

7

3 The Particularity of Tribal Allegiance in SSA

17

4 The Profusion of Tribes as a Determinant Factor in SSA

31

5 Tribe is not Ethnicity: Anti-Tribe and Pro-Ethnicity Arguments are Untenable

41

6 Tribe Is Not a Component of Ethnicity

51

7 Tribal Allegiance and the Overstated Role of the Colonial State

61

8 Precolonial History and the Saliency and Persistence of Tribal Allegiance

83

9 Conclusion: Why Does it Matter?

91

Bibliography

99

Index

107 vii

LIST

Table 4.1 Table 4.2

OF

TABLES

Suggested higher ranking of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in number of tribes, according to Price (1989) Actual subregional distribution of tribes in Sub-Saharan Africa

35 35

ix

CHAPTER 1

Introduction

Abstract The Introduction defines the study problem. It describes how the two issues of the nature and origin of t