Etiology of potato soft rot and blackleg diseases complex in Egypt
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Etiology of potato soft rot and blackleg diseases complex in Egypt Kamel Elhalag1,2 · Nader Elbadry3 · Shahenda Farag3 · Mohamed Hagag3 · Ahmed Hussien3 Received: 6 February 2020 / Accepted: 3 July 2020 © Deutsche Phytomedizinische Gesellschaft 2020
Abstract Recent observations of increasing incidences of potato plants showing blackleg symptoms have caused serious concern for potato growers and traders in Egypt. Potato plants showing blackleg and soft rot symptoms were sampled from main potatogrowing areas in Egypt during three successive seasons. Dickeya spp., Pectobacterium carotovorum and Pectobacterium atrosepticum were successfully isolated and identified from symptomatic potato plants (tubers and stems). The identity of bacterial isolates was reviled by identification methods based on different biological principles: cultural, biochemical and molecular methods. Specific primers targeting different genomic loci were selected for molecular identification, utilizing either conventional or real-time PCR. Multiple species were isolated from some infected samples revealing complex infection, which confirm the complexity and interaction of soft rot and blackleg diseases. Given that no previous reports on Dickeya diseases in Egypt were confirmed since the recent revision of its taxonomy, the result of PCR with Dickeya spp. was furtherly confirmed using DNA sequencing assay. BLASTn analyses of 16S rDNA sequences showed similarity to several species of Dickeya, with 99% nucleotide similarity to strains of, D. chrysanthemi, D. dianthicola and D. solani, respectively. Furthermore, the most commonly identified bacterial pathogen in the tested samples was P. carotovorum followed by P. atrosepticum and Dickeya spp., while P. brasiliense was never detected in any of the collected samples confirmed by real-time PCR assay. The results of such field survey suggested to help the decision makers in Egypt to establish an action plan to face the increasing risk of potato diseases caused by Dickeya spp. for the benefit of Egyptian domestic production. Keywords Survey · Detection · Identification · Pectobacterium · Dickeya
Introduction The potato crop (Solanum tuberosum) is considered the fourth most important staple food worldwide (De Boer and Rubio 2004). In Egypt, the annual domestic production reached about 5 million tons (FOA STAT 2018). Usually, more than 15% from that production is exported to different markets as table potato. To fulfill the phytosanitary requirements of importing countries, potato cultivation is carried out under restrictive measurements and close monitoring of * Ahmed Hussien [email protected] 1
Bacterial Diseases Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
2
Potato Brown Rot Project, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
3
Central Administration of Plant Quarantine (Egypt NPPO), Dokki, Giza, Egypt
phytosanitary officials. The Egyptian National Plant Protection Organization “NPPO” (Central Admini
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