European Instructional Lectures Volume 15, 2015, 16th EFORT Congress

This fifteenth volume in the EUROPEAN INSTRUCTIONAL LECTURES series continues the format of educational chapters from across Orthopaedics and Traumatology contributed by distinguished Orthopaedic Educators in Europe. It provides current material and

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European Instructional Lectures

16th EFORT Congress Prague, Czech Republic Edited by George Bentley (UK)

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European Federation of National Associations of Orthopaedics and Traumatology

European Instructional Lectures Volume 15, 2015

European Federation of National Associations of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Committees and Task Forces EFORT Executive Committee

Standing Committees and Task Forces

Executive Board

Congress Committee

Mr Stephen R Cannon, President Ass. Prof. Dr. Per Kjaersgaard-Andersen, Secretary General Dr. Manuel Cassiano Neves, Immediate Past President Prof. Dr. Enric Cáceres Palou, 1st Vice President Prof. Dr. Jan Verhaar, 2nd Vice President Prof. Dr. Maurilio Marcacci, Treasurer Prof. Dr. Klaus-Peter Günther Member at Large Dr. George Macheras, Member at Large Prof. Dr. Leszek Romanowski, Member at Large

Mr Stephen R Cannon, EAR Committee

Co-Opted Members

Prof. Dr. Maurilio Marcacci Fora

Mr. Michael Benson Prof. Dr. Thierry Bégué Prof. Dr. George Bentley, Past President Prof. Dr. Nikolaus Böhler, Past President Prof. Dr. Karsten Dreinhöfer Prof. Dr. Pavel Dungl Dr. Paulo Felicissimo Prof. Dr. Enrique Gómez-Barrena Prof. Dr. Wolfhart Puhl, Past President Mr. Philip Sell Prof.Dr. Ulrich Stöckle Prof. Dr. Karl-Göran Thorngren, Past President Prof. Dr. Elke Viehweger Prof. Dr. Luigi Zagra

Scientific Coordination 16th EFORT Congress, Prague 2015 Chairman Prof. Dr. Pavel Dungl

Prof. Dr. Nikolaus Böhler Education Committee Prof. Dr. Klaus-Peter Günther EFORT Foundation Committee Prof. Dr. Karl-Göran Thorngren Ethics Committee Mr. Michael Benson EU Task Force Fellowship Committee Prof. Dr. Philippe Neyret Finance Committee

Prof. Dr. Thierry Bégué Health Service Research Committee Prof. Dr. Karsten Dreinhöfer Portal & Content Steering Committee Prof. Elke Viehweger Publishing Committee Prof. Dr. George Bentley Speciality Society Committee Mr. Philip Sell

European Federation of National Associations of Orthopaedics and Traumatology

European Instructional Lectures Volume 15, 2015 16th EFORT Congress, Prague, Czech Republic

Edited by

George Bentley (UK)

Editor George Bentley Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Trust Stanmore Middlesex United Kingdom EFORT Central Office ZA La Pièce 2 1180 Rolle Switzerland

ISSN 2197-9812 European Instructional Lectures ISBN 978-3-662-46286-7 DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-46287-4

ISSN 2197-9820 (electronic) ISBN 978-3-662-46287-4

(eBook)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2015937191 Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © EFORT 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, tr