Evaluating the particle rolling effect on the characteristic features of granular material under the critical state soil
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Evaluating the particle rolling effect on the characteristic features of granular material under the critical state soil mechanics framework N. Barnett1 · Md. Mizanur Rahman1 · Md. Rajibul Karim1 · H. B. K. Nguyen1 Received: 5 March 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The discrete element method (DEM) has been extensively used to capture the macroscopic and particulate response of granular materials. Although particle rolling (i.e. controlled by rolling resistance) has been acknowledged as a major contributing factor towards micro-mechanical behaviour of idealized spherical granular material, its influence on characteristic behaviour has not been thoroughly investigated within critical state soil mechanics (CSSM) framework. For instance, the influence of particle rolling on characteristic features of undrained and drained behaviour (e.g. phase transformation, characteristic state, instability, dilatancy, critical state) and the state parameter, (ψ) has not been captured. In this study, a series of constant volume (CV) and drained triaxial compression simulations were undertaken using a rolling resistance linear contact model, deployed within a DEM software. The CSSM framework was centrally used to assess the influence of particle rolling tendencies/resistance on CV and drained behaviours from both a macro- and micro-mechanical standpoint. The study advanced the current understanding of the influence of rolling resistance on CS-related behaviour. Keywords Discrete-element modelling · Rolling resistance · Critical state soil mechanics constitutive behaviour · Fabric/ structure of soils List of symbols Δu Excess pore water pressure εq Deviatoric strain εv Volumetric strain ηIS Stress ratio at instability state ηChS Stress ratio at instability state ηPT Stress ratio at phase transformation μ Inter-particle friction coefficient μr Rolling resistance coefficient Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10035-020-01055-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * N. Barnett [email protected] Md. Mizanur Rahman [email protected] Md. Rajibul Karim [email protected] H. B. K. Nguyen [email protected] 1
UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
σ11 Maximum principal stress σ33 Minor principal stress ϕcv Constant volume friction angle ϕp Peak friction angle ψ State parameter ψ0 State parameter at the beginning of shearing ωavg Average angular velocity ωcs Average angular velocity at critical state CN Coordination number D50 Median particle size e Void ratio e0 POST-consolidation void ratio F Fabric tensor FvM Von Mises fabric I Inertial number kn Normal contact stiffness ks Tangential contact stiffness kr Rolling contact stiffness M Slope of CSL in q − p′ space N Total number of particles Nc Total number of contacts p′ Mean effective confining stress p′cs Mean effect
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