Evaluating the severity of building fires with the analytical hierarchy process, big data analysis, and remote sensing
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Evaluating the severity of building fires with the analytical hierarchy process, big data analysis, and remote sensing Ching‑An Lee1,2 · Yu‑Chi Sung1,3 · Yuan‑Shang Lin4 · Gary Li‑Kai Hsiao2,5 Received: 11 July 2017 / Accepted: 8 May 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract This study assessed the severity of building fires in 17 villages that comprise Taishan District, New Taipei City, Taiwan. A literature review was performed to discuss the impact of fire severity assessment criteria in order to develop items and factors for the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). We identified six items for the building fire severity assessment: rescue response time, narrow road density, water-sacristy area density, building risk, hazardous materials’ place density, and fire safety inspection-regulated premises density. Big data analysis and remote sensing were employed to facilitate devising the AHP structure with items and factors. We also compared the annual average burned area from 2005 to 2015 through the building fire severity assessment to validate assessment accuracy. The actual yearly average burned area in each village of Taishan District was used to verify the building fire severity assessment, and the compliance rate of the rating (i.e., high, moderate, and low) was, respectively, 60%, 67%, and 67%. The proposed assessment is evidently feasible and can act as a reference for quantitative analyses for assessments of building fire severity. Keywords Building fire · Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) · Fire severity assessment · Fire prevention · Fire response
1 Introduction According to data provided by the National Fire Agency (NFA), Ministry of the Interior, 7918 fire incidents occurred in Taiwan during the 2011–2015 period, of which 5865 were structural fires, accounting for 74.1% of all fires in Taiwan (NFA 2016). During this period, approximately 78% of fire incidents that occurred in New Taipei City, Taiwan, were structural fires, 15% of which were for building fires (Fig. 1). This amounted to 2853 structural * Ching‑An Lee [email protected] 1
Department of Civil Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
2
Fire Department, New Taipei City Government, New Taipei City, Taiwan
3
National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering, Taipei, Taiwan
4
Central Police University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
5
Department of Disaster Management, Taiwan Police College, Taipei, Taiwan
13
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fires, resulting in a burned area covering 347,158 m2; 539 of these structural fires were building fires, and comprised a burned area of up to 182,254 m2, accounting for more than 52% of all burned areas for structural fires. Therefore, this study proposes a quantitative analysis method for assessing the severity of building fires. It was devised by employing analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to analyze the weights of various assessment items for fire severity. In order to establish the AHP, we combined our analysis of government-provided big data, in addit
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