Evaluation of Common Building Wall in See-Through-Wall Application of Ultra-wideband Synthetic Aperture Radar
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Evaluation of Common Building Wall in See‑Through‑Wall Application of Ultra‑wideband Synthetic Aperture Radar Nguyen Trung Kien1 · Ic‑Pyo Hong1 Received: 4 February 2020 / Revised: 12 August 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 © The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2020
Abstract This paper presents the reproduced images of various objects from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technique with ultrawideband (UWB) signals to evaluate the performance of common building walls in the see-through-wall capability regarding security applications, object along with human detection. The walls were designed from four materials, i.e., drywall, wood, insulation, and brick, which are used in real environments. The images of the objects behind the walls were performed using the commercial UWB radar with 2.2 GHz frequency bandwidth, 2 ns of pulse width, 10 MHz of internal repetition frequency, as well as an image reconstruction algorithm. From the measurement result, the insulated wall degraded the SAR image quality. Consequently, a material that enhance the UWB signal as Frequency Selective Surface should be considered to enable SAR for disaster applications. Keywords Ultra-wideband · Synthetic aperture radar · See-through-wall · Building materials · Structural analysis
1 Introduction Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) offers a fine imaging solution for hidden objects or areas where humans cannot access. The advantage of electromagnetic (EM) waves are less dependent on the weather or daylight, applications of SAR that are useful for humans include other planet and Earth ground discovery [1, 2], or sea surface [3]. In short distance problems, the SAR technique can be applied in ground-penetrating radar, object detection, as well as see-through-wall applications [4–8]. The common EM wave used in these applications is ultra-wideband (UWB) signal which transmits the very short pulse and large bandwidth waves, gives good material penetration probability as well as the high resolution of reproduced images. Recently, the magnitude of disasters has increased every year, destroying the building, claiming lives, and affecting millions of people. With the ability to detect through materials and sensitivity to small changes, UWB radar is extremely useful in finding lives under wreckage [5, 9, 10] besides the other applications as security, material non-destructive health examination [11–13]. * Ic‑Pyo Hong [email protected] 1
Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, Korea
Nevertheless, a UWB signal can penetrate easily into various materials, current building structural designs have multilayer walls and they can reduce or absorb electromagnetic energy. In [13], UWB radar was applied in analyzing the moisture percentage inside the concrete structure. The power distribution of SAR image can describe the percent of concrete’s moisture and prove that wet structure is more lossy than the dry one. But it had a limitation that the real building structure not only constr
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