Evaluation of Electrochromic Device Influenced by Various Formulation of Solid Polymer Electrolyte
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International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-020-00451-4
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Evaluation of Electrochromic Device Influenced by Various Formulation of Solid Polymer Electrolyte Minji Lee1 · Minhee Son1 · Doo‑man Chun2 · Caroline Sunyong Lee1 Received: 31 July 2020 / Revised: 22 November 2020 / Accepted: 27 November 2020 © Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2020
Abstract Electrochromic devices (ECDs) using various polymer electrolyte membranes were evaluated in relation to their optical and electrochemical properties. It was found that the composition of polymer matrix markedly influence the transmittance change (ΔT) and stability of ECDs. The electrochromic (WO3) and ion storage (Antimony tin oxide; ATO) layers were fabricated using dry deposition method. Moreover, various types of polymer matrix were used as the electrolyte, i.e., Liquid; PVdFHFP (UV-0); PEGDMA-PEGMA/PVdF-HFP blended (UV-30); and PEGDMA-PEGMA solid (UV-100) membranes. ECDs using UV-30 exhibited good cyclability, in which the ΔT of 35% was maintained over 200 cycles. Furthermore, as a result of electrochemical analysis, ECD using UV-30 showed charge density of 34.43 mC/cm 2 with low charge transfer resistance of 237.7 Ω at the interface between the coloration layer and electrolyte. Therefore, the solid polymer matrix electrolyte (UV-30) improved the electrochromic performance including stability due to excellent ion dissociation and ion mobility in the electrolyte. Keywords Electrochromism · Solid polymer electrolyte · UV curing · Gel polymer electrolyte
1 Introduction Electrochromism refers to the ability to change to a desired color through reversible application of external voltage. Recently, “Smart windows”, which can improve the energy efficiency of building systems, have attracted a great deal of attention. Smart windows are an important energy-saving technology; they can reduce energy loss by up to 90% via blocking the majority of sunlight, by changing their transmittance on application of a low voltage [1]. Electrochromic devices (ECDs) consist of two transparent electrodes, such as the electrochromic and ion storage layers separated by an electrolyte. Electrochromic materials have been widely Supplementary Information The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-020-00451-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Caroline Sunyong Lee [email protected] 1
Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan‑si, Gyeonggi‑do 15588, Republic of Korea
School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
2
studied ranging from inorganic materials to polymers. Among these materials, tungsten trioxide ( WO3) has been commonly used as an inorganic cathodic electrochromic material through various manufacturing methods, such as sol–gel [2], chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [3], and sputtering [4], among others [5–7]. This material exhibits intervalence charge tra
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