Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Durability
A major part of the competitiveness gap of polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) technology in automotive and stationary co-generation applications is due lack of durability. This book analyzes the relevant degradation processes in PEFC on the level of com
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Felix N. Büchi • Minoru Inaba Thomas J. Schmidt Editors
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Durability
Editors Felix N. Büchi Electrochemistry Laboratory Paul Scherrer Institut 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland [email protected]
Minoru Inaba Department Molecular Science and Technology Faculty of Engineering Doshisha University Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan [email protected]
Thomas J. Schmidt BASF Fuel Cell GmbH Industrial Park Hoechst, G865 D-65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany [email protected]
ISBN: 978-0-387-85534-9 e-ISBN: 978-0-387-85536-3 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-85536-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008944002 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper springer.com
Foreword
This book covers a significant number of R&D projects, performed mostly after 2000, devoted to the understanding and prevention of performance degradation processes in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). The extent and severity of performance degradation processes in PEFCs were recognized rather gradually. Indeed, the recognition overlapped with a significant number of industrial demonstrations of fuel cell powered vehicles, which would suggest a degree of technology maturity beyond the resaolution of fundamental failure mechanisms. An intriguing question, therefore, is why has there been this apparent delay in addressing fundamental performance stability requirements. The apparent answer is that testing of the power system under fully realistic operation conditions was one prerequisite for revealing the nature and extent of some key modes of PEFC stack failure. Such modes of failure were not exposed to a similar degree, or not at all, in earlier tests of PEFC stacks which were not performed under fully relevant conditions, particularly such tests which did not include multiple on–off and/or high power–low power cycles typical for transportation and mobile power applications of PEFCs. Long-term testing of PEFCs reported in the early 1990s by both Los Alamos National Laboratory and Ballard Power was performed under conditions of constant cell voltage, typically near the maximum power point of the PEFC. Under such conditions, once the effects of residual CO in the hydrogen feed stream had been addressed, for example, by air bleed, the loss in performance over thousand
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