Evaluation of Iranian diatomaceous earth in combination with nanosilica from sugarcane bagasse ash applied on three diff
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Evaluation of Iranian diatomaceous earth in combination with nanosilica from sugarcane bagasse ash applied on three different storage surfaces against two insect pests of stored products Basneh Saed 1 & Masumeh Ziaee 1
&
Alireza Kiasat 2 & Mina Jafari Nasab 2
Received: 3 July 2020 / Accepted: 20 November 2020 # African Association of Insect Scientists 2020
Abstract Mamaghan, local diatomaceous earth (DE) from Iran, was evaluated for controlling two storage beetles, Tribolium confusum Du Val. and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.). The effect of DE was enhanced by adding 15 and 20% nanosilica synthesized from bagasse ash sugarcane byproduct. Sugarcane bagasse is potentially used as natural silica resources, and nanosilica was synthesized by the sol-gel technique. Nanosilica, untreated Mamaghan DE, and Mamaghan DE treated with 15% and 20% nanosilica were used in the experiments. The formulations were applied on three surfaces, including concrete, galvanized steel, and mosaic tiles. Mortality of adult insects was recorded after five days of exposure interval. Results revealed that in galvanized steel, and mosaic surfaces adding 20% nanosilica to the Mamaghan DE caused the highest insecticidal activity of both insect species. In contrast, for the concrete surfaces, Mamaghan-15% nanosilica had the same insecticidal activity as Mamaghan-20%. The overall mortality of insects was 56.7, 66.6, and 48.9% for T. confusum on concrete, galvanized steel, and mosaic surfaces, respectively. While for R. dominica, the mortality percentage was 83.3, 95.5, and 77.8% on three tested surfaces, respectively, indicating that R. dominica was more sensitive to the DE than T. confusum. Our findings illustrated that nanosilica from sugarcane bagasse enhanced the insecticidal potential of Mamaghan DE against T. confusum and R. dominica compared with untreated Mamaghan DE. Keywords Inert dust . Nanosilica . Stored product insects . Treatment . Sugarcane bagasse
Introduction Tribolium confusum Du Val. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is a destructive insect that attacks cereal grains, including flour, cereals, and meals. This insect has a worldwide distribution and is mainly found in temperate regions. Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) is a damaging insect of cereal grains that mainly attacks wheat, barley, rice, and sorghum. Both of these post-harvest insect beetles are of high economic importance (Rees 2007).
* Masumeh Ziaee [email protected] 1
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
2
Chemistry Department, College of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
Synthetic insecticides have long been used as sprays in the storage structures, and grain handling equipments. However, concerns about insect pest resistance to insecticides and their risks to human’s health and the environment have led to the search for safe alternative materials (Arthur and Subramanyam 2012). Diatomaceous earth can be utilized as a substitute for inse
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