Evaluation of soil liquefaction potential index based on SPT data in the Erzincan, Eastern Turkey
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Evaluation of soil liquefaction potential index based on SPT data in the Erzincan, Eastern Turkey E. Subaşı Duman & S. B. Ikizler & Z. Angin
Received: 7 November 2013 / Accepted: 14 July 2014 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2014
Abstract This study includes determination of liquefaction potential in Erzincan Province. Erzincan Province, the study area, is located in a deep alluvial basin in a mountainous region of eastern Turkey that is a few kilometers from the highly active North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ). North Anatolian Fault Zone is located approximately 7.7 km from Erzincan city center. In a probable earthquake, Erzincan Province is thought to be affected. On 13 March 1992, an earthquake having a surface wave magnitude of 6.8 struck Erzincan, giving rise to peak horizontal accelerations in the center of the city of 0.501g in the east–west direction and 0.398g in the north–south direction. Liquefaction potential for peak horizontal accelerations (0.501g and 0.398g) was determined. Liquefaction potential was investigated using Standard Penetration Test (SPT). Liquefaction potential analyses are determined in two steps: geotechnical investigations and calculations. In the first steps, boreholes were drilled to obtain disturbed and undisturbed soil samples and SPT values were obtained. Laboratory tests were made to identify physical properties of soil samples. In the second step, Liquefaction potential analyses were examined by a Seed and Idriss (1971) method (simplified method) based on Standard Penetration Test (SPT). In order to liquefaction analysis complete within a short time, MATLAB program were prepared. Following the analyses, liquefaction potential is E. S. Duman Civil Engineering Department, Turgut Ozal University, Ankara 06010, Turkey e-mail: [email protected] S. B. Ikizler (*) : Z. Angin Civil Engineering Department, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey e-mail: [email protected] Z. Angin e-mail: [email protected]
investigated and by Sonmez and Gokceoglu (2005) method. At the final stage of this study, liquefaction potential maps and liquefaction potential index maps were prepared for different earthquake magnitudes and different depths. Keywords Liquefaction . Liquefaction potential index . Earthquake . Standard penetration test . Erzincan . Turkey
Introduction One of the most important causes of damages after the earthquakes is the soil liquefaction. Liquefaction can be defined as temporary loss in strength of saturated sandy and silty deposits under transient and cyclic loadings due to excess pore water pressure. Since 1970, Seed and Idriss (1982, 1983, 1985, 1986) developed a simplified procedure for evaluation of soil liquefaction resistance from Niigata and Alaska earthquakes in 1964. Several empirical expressions were recommended to determine the liquefaction potential using standard penetration tests, cone penetration tests, and shear wave velocity (Tokimatsu and Yoshimi 1983; Iwasaki et al. 1981; Seed and De Alba 1986; Suzuki et al. 1997; Roberts
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