Carcinogenic-potential ecological risk assessment of soils and wheat in the eastern region of Konya (Turkey)

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Carcinogenic-potential ecological risk assessment of soils and wheat in the eastern region of Konya (Turkey) Alican Ozturk 1

&

Omer Kagan Arici 2

Received: 8 July 2020 / Accepted: 16 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract The drainage channel where the wastewater of Konya city center is discharged, the solid waste storage center, the soils surrounding the industrial area, the potential accumulation of toxic elements (PTE) accumulated in the wheat grown in these soils, and their effects on human health were examined. Between 1977 and 2010, the water in the drainage channel was used for a variety of crops, mainly wheat grown in the nearby agricultural areas until the commissioning of the wastewater treatment plant. Industrial facilities, solid waste landfills, and military firing areas are actively used and are thought to be important factors in heavy metal accumulation in soils. In addition, the investigation area is on the sediments of the deposits stored in the large Konya Lake depending on the geological structure around Konya and caused geogenic heavy metal accumulation as a result of the separation and transportation of ophiolitic, magmatic, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks in the region. In the research, PTE accumulation was determined in the samples of N1 (Pb, As, and Hg), N9 (Cd, As), and N10 (Cd and As) and N8 (Pb) in wheat. The carcinogenic risk factor of Ni, Al, Mn, and Cr elements in the territory of the region has been found as “medium” for children and adults. It has been determined that the potential source of toxic elements does not only depend on anthropogenic events but also occurs as a result of geological events. Keywords Heavy metal . Potentially toxic element . Carcinogenic risk . Konya

Introduction The industrial revolution, rapid population growth, migration from rural areas to urban centers, and unplanned and uncontrolled urbanization have led to a reduction of cultivable agricultural lands, and pollution of natural environments (Mucevher 2010). The worldwide development of the phenomenon of industrialization, the intensive use of chemicals in agricultural areas, and the harmful effects of municipal Responsible Editor: Elena Maestri * Alican Ozturk [email protected] Omer Kagan Arici [email protected] 1

Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Geological Engineering, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey

2

Graduate Education Institute, Department of Geological Engineering, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey

waste (such as treatment sludge) are the main factors that cause soil contamination (Luo et al. 2011; Alshahri and ElTaher 2018; Ciarkowska 2018; Oden et al. 2019; Jiang et al. 2020). There was failure in purification of Konya City wastewater; wastewater reaches up to the Lake Tuz, which is the largest and most important salt source in Turkey, during the winter months, through the Konya main drain canal, and the use of the wastewater as irrigation water by people in settlements a