Evaluation of the Effects of Aging on the Aorta Stiffness in Relation with Mineral and Trace Element Levels: an Optimize
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Evaluation of the Effects of Aging on the Aorta Stiffness in Relation with Mineral and Trace Element Levels: an Optimized Method via Custom-Built Stretcher Device Duygu Aydemir 1,2 & Naveed Salman 3 & Mehrdad Karimzadehkhouei 3 & B. Erdem Alaca 3,4 & Belma Turan 5 & Nuriye Nuray Ulusu 1,2 Received: 20 July 2020 / Accepted: 7 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Aortic stiffness represents the major cause of aging and tightly associated with hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, and increased mortality. Mechanical characteristics of the aorta play a vital role in the blood flow, circulation, systolic pressure, and aortic stiffness; however, the correlation of trace element and mineral levels with aortic stiffness has not been studied before. Balance in the trace elements and minerals is vital for the biological functions; however, natural aging may alter this balance. Thus, after measuring aortic stiffness of aged and young rat aortas by a custom-built stretcher device, trace element and mineral levels were evaluated via ICP-MS. Also, biomarkers of aging including blood pressure, arterial pressure glucose, insulin levels, and histochemical parameters were investigated as well. Aortic stiffness, blood glucose, plasma insulin, systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure significantly increased by aging in the aorta of aged rats compared with the young ones. Also, Fe, Al, Co, Ni, Zn, Sr, Na, Mg, and K levels increased in the aged aorta samples compared with the young aorta samples of rats. Increased levels of the indicated elements may be correlated with the development and progression of aortic stiffness and vascular complications. Thus, possible mechanisms correlating aortic stiffness with the imbalance in the trace element and mineral levels should be further investigated. Keywords Aorta . Stiffness . Minerals . Trace elements . Aging . Stress-strain relationship
Introduction Aortic stiffness is described by adverse structural and functional modifications in the aorta wall and associated with aging, metabolic disorder, hypertension, stroke, renal disease, cardiovascular diseases, and morbidity as a result of increased systolic blood pressure (SBP) [1–6]. Among these factors, * Nuriye Nuray Ulusu [email protected] 1
School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Koç University, Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
2
Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
4
Surface Science and Technology Center (KUYTAM), Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
5
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
aging can be considered as the major source of aortic stiffness basically caused by the loss of collagen deposits, calcification in the vessel wall, and deterioration of extracellular matrix (ECM) [7–9]. Aort
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