Influence of Conventional or Invisalign Orthodontic Treatment on Mineral and Trace Element Salivary Levels: Longitudinal
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Influence of Conventional or Invisalign Orthodontic Treatment on Mineral and Trace Element Salivary Levels: Longitudinal Study with Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence Aline Campos Zeffa 1 & Bianca Gonçalves Dias 1 & Daiane Cristina Mendonça Santos Silva 1 & Luiz Orbolato Rotta 2 Eduardo Inocente Jussiani 3 & Avacir Casanova Andrello 3 & Solange de Paula Ramos 1
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Received: 12 May 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This work aimed to evaluate the salivary concentration of chemical elements in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances and removable aligners. Twelve Angle Class I and II orthodontic patients undergoing treatment with conventional fixed appliances and 15 patients treated with removable aligners provided unstimulated whole saliva samples before treatment (pre) and after 3 months of treatment (post). The concentration and secretion rate of chemical elements in saliva were determined by total reflection X-ray fluorescence. Differences from pre to post and between groups were determined with the paired T test or Wilcoxon test, and two-way ANOVA, considering P < 0.05. The concentrations of S, Cl, and K decreased, while Zn increased significantly (P < 0.05) between pre and post treatment with the fixed appliance treatment. The salivary secretion rate of S was decreased from pre to post in the fixed appliance group. No differences in the concentration and secretion rate of chemical elements were detected from pre to post in the Invisalign group. Fe secretion rate presented an interaction between time and treatment, with lower secretion at post (P = 0.02) in the Invisalign group. Increased Br secretion rate and decreased Rb, Fe, P, and K in Invisalign patients suggested a better salivary electrolyte profile regarding periodontal bone remodeling. No significant alterations in ions associated with metal corrosion and inflammatory reactions were detected in orthodontic patients under dental plaque control. Keywords Orthodontic treatment . Trace elements . Saliva . Invisalign . Total reflection X-ray fluorescence
Introduction The use of orthodontic fixed appliances can alter the composition of saliva trace elements and minerals when the metal alloys are exposed to the oral environment, temperature, eating habits, salivation, and mechanical agents [1, 2]. Metal corrosion may lead to the release of several metals and chemical elements into saliva [3–6]. Increased levels of titanium (Ti) have been detected in saliva samples after 6 months of orthodontic fixed appliances [7]. Dental plaque and dentifrices * Solange de Paula Ramos [email protected] 1
Research group in Tissue Regeneration, Adaptation and Repair State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
2
West Paulista University, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
3
Department of Physics, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
can also induce corrosion of orthodontic metallic appliances and the release of iron (Fe), chrome (
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