Evaluation of the efficiency of chlorpyrifos-ethyl remediation by Methylobacterium radiotolerans and Microbacterium arth
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Evaluation of the efficiency of chlorpyrifos-ethyl remediation by Methylobacterium radiotolerans and Microbacterium arthrosphaerae using response of some biochemical biomarkers Gokhan Onder Erguven 1
&
Şule Tatar 1 & Osman Serdar 2 & Nuran Cikcikoglu Yildirim 3
Received: 5 May 2020 / Accepted: 27 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study reveals out detoxifying and antioxidant enzyme response of Gammarus pulex exposed/polluted to chlorpyrifos-ethyl insecticide before and after biodegradation/bioremediation by Methylobacterium radiotolerans and Microbacterium arthrosphaerae. Cytochrome P450 1A1, glutathione S-transferase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities in G. pulex exposed to chlorpyrifos-ethyl before and after bioremediation/biodegradation by these two bacteria during 24 and 96 h tested by using commercial ELISA kits. The activity of catalase enzyme was decreased depending on chlorpyrifos-ethyl before and after bioremediation/biodegradation the enzyme activity was increased repeatedly. Superoxide dismutase activity level increased after chlorpyrifos-ethyl exposure in 96 h (p > 0.05). Following bioremediation, superoxide dismutase enzyme activity decreased again during 24 h (p > 0.05) and increased during 96 h (p < 0.05). Statistical differences were not found in cytochrome P450 1A1 enzyme activity before and after the process (p > 0.05). No significant differences were determined during the activity of glutathione S-transferase in 24 h (p > 0.05). The activities of glutathione S-transferase were increased after exposure of chlorpyrifos-ethyl during 96 h. After bioremediation; the activity of glutathione S-transferase increased even more (p < 0.05). The results determined that activities of G. pulex at superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase are common biomarkers for revealing out the efficiency of bioremediation of chlorpyrifos-ethyl with these two types of soil bacteria. Keywords Chlorpyrifos-ethyl . Detoxifying enzyme . Antioxidant enzyme . Bioremediation . G. pulex
Introduction Today, the increase of pesticides causes environmental problems (Anwar 1997). Although the use of pesticides improves production, protects stored plants, and controls disease vectors, these chemicals have adverse health effects if
Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues * Gokhan Onder Erguven [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Tunceli Vocation School, Munzur University, 62000 Tunceli, Turkey
2
Fisheries Faculty, Munzur University, 62000 Tunceli, Turkey
3
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Pertek Sakine GencVocational School, Laboratorian and Veterinarian Health Pr, Munzur University, 62000 Tunceli, Turkey
occupationally and/or environmentally exposed to humans and animals (Agrawa and Sharma 2010). Investigations have proven that insecticides revise enzyme activities associated antioxidative defense mechanisms (Oncu et al. 2002). Organophosphorus pesticides can induce the toxicity b
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