Evaluation of the Physiological Bacterial Groups in a Tropical Biosecured, Zero-Exchange System Growing Whiteleg Shrimp,
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ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
Evaluation of the Physiological Bacterial Groups in a Tropical Biosecured, Zero-Exchange System Growing Whiteleg Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei Elaine A. Sabu 1,2 & Maria Judith Gonsalves 1 & R. A. Sreepada 1 & Mamatha S. Shivaramu 1,3 & N. Ramaiah 1 Received: 10 January 2020 / Accepted: 10 August 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract To elucidate the individual and multiple roles of physiological bacterial groups involved in biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur, the changes in the abundance of aerobic bacteria (heterotrophs, methane oxidizers, ammonia oxidizers, sulfur oxidizers, phosphate solubilizers, phosphate accumulators) and anaerobic bacteria (total anaerobes, nitrate reducers, denitrifiers and sulfate reducers) were investigated in a biosecured, zero-exchange system stocked with whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei for one production cycle. Key water quality parameters during the 96-day production cycle fell within the normal range for L. vannamei culture. Results of Spearman’s correlation matrix revealed that different sets of variables correlated at varying levels of significance of the interrelationships between bacterial abundances and water quality parameters. The three nitrogenous species (ammonia, nitrite and nitrate) strongly influenced the physiological bacterial groups’ abundance. The strong relationship of bacterial groups with phytoplankton biomass and abundance clearly showed the trophic interconnections in nutrient exchange/recycling. Canonical correspondence analysis performed to assess the total variation revealed that the three dissolved nitrogen species followed by salinity, temperature, phytoplankton biomass and pH collectively accounted for as much as 82% of the total variation. In conclusion, the results of the study revealed that the major drivers that interweaved biogeochemical cycles are the three dissolved nitrogen species, which microbially mediated various aerobic-anaerobic assimilation/dissimilation processes in the pond ecosystem. Considering the pond microbial ecology becoming an important management tool where applied research could improve the economic and environmental sustainability of the aquaculture industry, the findings of the present study are practically relevant. Keywords Nutrients . Litopenaeusvannamei . Shrimp aquaculture . Bacterial groups . Canonicalcorrespondenceanalysis . Water quality
Introduction The ever increasing demand for animal protein has resulted in the tremendous expansion of the shrimp culture industry and
* Maria Judith Gonsalves [email protected] 1
Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula Goa 403 004 India
2
School of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau Goa 403 206 India
3
Present address: Department of Food Protectants & Infestation Control, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 020, India
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