Numerical Modeling Evaluation of the Impacts of Shrimp Farming Operations on Long-term Coastal Lagoon Morphodynamics
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Numerical Modeling Evaluation of the Impacts of Shrimp Farming Operations on Long-term Coastal Lagoon Morphodynamics Fernando Roversi 1 & Barend van Maanen 2 & Paulo Cesar Colonna Rosman 1 & Claudio Freitas Neves 1 & Ada Cristina Scudelari 3 Received: 28 January 2019 / Revised: 5 April 2020 / Accepted: 7 April 2020 # Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation 2020
Abstract In coastal systems occupied by large clusters of pond aquaculture farms, hydro-sedimentary processes may be impacted by the combination of water management strategies that are individually performed by each cultivation unit. In this study, a numerical model was used to evaluate 100-year morphological alterations in two different idealized coastal lagoons surrounded by shrimp ponds. One is broadly based on the Guaraíras Lagoon System (RN, Brazil) where shrimp farming has developed since 1924, and the other is highly simplified to systematically investigate pond aquaculture impacts. Information obtained through numerical simulations (e.g., hypsometry changes, evolution of morphological parameters, balance of sediment volumes, bed level changes, and residual bed shear stress variations) provided coastal impact assessments for a wide variety of aquaculture occupation scenarios. Key findings include (i) water exchange operations performed by aquaculture farms are capable of modifying the morphological equilibrium state of a coastal lagoon system, especially if carried out synchronously to the local tidal oscillation; (ii) water intake operations regularly performed by pond aquaculture activity increase sediment import to the system; (iii) depth and configuration of tidal channels are modified when pond aquaculture is present. The modeling approach and analyses presented here can be extended to other systems that are under the influence of shrimp farming activity and be adopted to support novel regulations for the conservation of coastal habitats and to contribute to the sustainable development of pond aquaculture in the coastal zone. Keywords Coastal aquaculture management . Hydro-morphodynamic modeling . Shrimp farming . Coastal impact analysis
Introduction Pond Aquaculture Interference in Coastal Environments Coastal lagoons and tidal basins provide important ecosystems, which usually host many valuable species and create Communicated by David K. Ralston * Fernando Roversi [email protected] 1
Ocean Engineering Program, COPPE/UFRJ - Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, C-209, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
2
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK
3
Civil Engineering Program, PEC/UFRN - Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário Lagoa Nova s/n, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
opportunities for the development of essential socioeconomic activities. Predominantly in Latin America and Asia, but also in other parts of the world, marine aquaculture has grown significantly, occupying extensive coastal lands around brackish wate
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