Evaluation of the properties of tuna skin gelatin as a hard capsule material
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE Food Science and Technology
Evaluation of the properties of tuna skin gelatin as a hard capsule material Mala Nurilmala1 · Sendy Chrisman Adinugraha1 · Agoes Mardiono Jacoeb1 · Susi Susilawati1 · Yoshihiro Ochiai2 Received: 30 December 2019 / Accepted: 1 August 2020 © Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 2020
Abstract Gelatin, which is thermally converted from collagen, is widely utilized in the pharmaceutical industry as a raw material for hard and soft capsules. The aim of this study was to produce gelatin from yellowfin tuna skin, the by-product of tuna processing, and determine the optimal concentration for hard capsule production. Capsules were prepared from the skin gelatin. The tuna skin gelatin was characterized as follows: pH 6.0, gel strength 191 g Bloom, water content 7.01%, ash content 0.92, setting temperature 22.3 °C, and viscosity 12,700 cP. A 20% gelatin solution was found to be the best concentration among the concentrations examined for hard capsule production, and gave a body capsule height of 19.4 mm, cap capsule height of 12.8 mm, weight of 0.07 g, disintegration time of 4.09 min, pH of 5.92, and moisture content of 12.0%. The results suggest that tuna skin gelatin can be an excellent source of hard capsule material. Keywords Fish skin · Thunnus albacares · Gelatin · Hard capsules
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-020-01457-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Mala Nurilmala [email protected] Sendy Chrisman Adinugraha [email protected] Agoes Mardiono Jacoeb [email protected] Susi Susilawati [email protected] Yoshihiro Ochiai [email protected] 1
Department of Aquatic Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB University), Bogor, West Java 16680, Indonesia
Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980‑8572, Japan
2
Capsule shell is a type of pharmaceutical preparation that is very widely used because of its practicality and availability, and because it can cover unpleasant tastes and odors of drugs. Hard capsules are the most popular pharmaceutical preparations in the market. Demand for hard capsules increased every year from 1982 to 2000 in the European market (Stegemann and Bornem 2002). The major raw materials commonly used in the manufacture of hard capsule shells are carrageenan and gelatin. Both of these materials have been widely produced commercially, but hard capsules made of carrageenan have shortcomings. Gullapalli and Mazzitelli (2017) reported that carrageenan-based capsules showed a longer disintegration time than gelatin capsules. Therefore, the raw material of choice in the capsule manufacturing industry is gelatin. Gelatin contained in the components of the capsule shell makes drugs dissolve more easily in the digestive system, and is preferred by consumers because of its soft form that is easily swa
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