Evaluation of the Reliability of Six Commercial SERS Substrates

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Evaluation of the Reliability of Six Commercial SERS Substrates Yu Liu 1 & Yang Zhang 1 & Morgan Tardivel 2 & Médéric Lequeux 3 & Xueping Chen 1 & Wei Liu 1 & Jiaoqi Huang 1 & Huiyan Tian 1 & Qiqian Liu 3 & Guorong Huang 1 & Raymond Gillibert 4 & Marc Lamy de la Chapelle 5 & Weiling Fu 1 Received: 8 September 2019 / Accepted: 11 November 2019 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019

Abstract Based on high sensitivity, specific fingerprinting spectra and real-time detection, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful tool for the observation, the detection and the identification of chemical or biological species at low concentrations. One of the key elements for the SERS detection is the choice of SERS substrate. This latter one can be either a home-made one or either commercially purchased. For researchers who don’t have facilities to fabricate SERS substrates, the commercial ones are a necessary and optimal choice. Thus, a comprehensive evaluation of their reproducibility is urgently needed and carried out in this paper. The blank spectra as well as the SERS spectra of three probes molecules (4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA), 1, 2-bis (4pyridyl) ethylene (BPE) and methylene blue (MB)) were analysed for two excitation wavelengths (532 and 785 nm). The most suitable detection condition was determined for each substrate. Under the optimum conditions, the SERS mapping were carried to measure the relative standard deviations (RSDs) to further evaluate the reproducibility of the substrates. The results demonstrated that the Enspectrc, Q-SERSTM and Hamamatsu substrates were the more suitable for reproducible SERS measurements. Keywords Commercial SERS substrates . Raman spectroscopy . Reproducibility . SERS

Introduction In recent years, SERS has attracted a great attention as it provides high sensitivity, specific fingerprinting spectra for molecular identification and real-time detection in various fields as chemistry, biology or environment [1–5]. Unlike the conventional Raman spectroscopy, the SERS depends on the use Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-019-01084-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Marc Lamy de la Chapelle [email protected] * Weiling Fu [email protected] 1

Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China

2

Unité Recherches et Développements Technologiques, IFREMER Centre de Brest, Plouzané, France

3

Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France

4

CNR IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Messina, Italy

5

Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM - UMR CNRS 6283), Université du Mans, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France

of active substrates that can be composed by roughened metallic surfaces or noble metal nanostructures array. It can achieve giant signal amplification of the Raman signal with enhancemen