Fabrication of paper-based SERS substrates by spraying silver and gold nanoparticles for SERS determination of malachite
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Fabrication of paper-based SERS substrates by spraying silver and gold nanoparticles for SERS determination of malachite green, methylene blue, and crystal violet in fish Guohai Yang 1 & Xuejiao Fang 1 & Qin Jia 1 & Haixin Gu 3 & Yunpeng Li 1 & Caiqin Han 2 & Lu-Lu Qu 1 Received: 8 October 2019 / Accepted: 3 April 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A disposable surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate was prepared by successively spraying silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) onto commercial filter paper using an inexpensive consumer sprayer. The strong surface enhancement of AgNPs and chemical stability of AuNPs can be advantageously combined. The substrate exhibited excellent SERS activity for malachite green (MG), methylene blue (MB), and crystal violet (CV) under 785-nm excitation, with limits of detection (LODs) of 4.3 × 10−9, 2.0 × 10−8, and 8.1 × 10−8 M, respectively. The substrate exhibited long-term stability, and it can be stored under ambient conditions for 4 weeks with a relative standard deviation of less than 3% among peak intensities. The substrate also showed good reproducibility with a relative standard deviation of 7.1% among different substrate peak intensities. The substrates enable on-site determination of residual fishery drugs and distinguish MG, MB, and CV mixtures in spiked fish within 5 min, and the average recoveries in fish scales and fish meat were better 90.1% and 76.9%, respectively. The method exhibited rapidity, simplicity, and high sensitivity and is expected to be used for the screening of additives in food.
Keywords Spraying method . Low cost . Large scale . SERS substrates . Gold nanoparticles . Silver nanoparticles . High reproducibility
Introduction Guohai Yang and Xuejiao Fang contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-04262-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Haixin Gu * Caiqin Han * Lu-Lu Qu [email protected] 1
School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
2
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
3
Shanghai Fire Research Institute of MEM, 918 Minjing Road, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has become one of the most promising analytical methods because of its high sensitivity, low water interference, and short detection time [1–3]. Based on the electromagnetic field and chemical enhancement of precious metal surfaces, SERS can detect analytes at low concentrations and even at the single molecule level [4–6]. However, due to the lack of a reliable SERS substrate, the application of SERS in real-world rapid analysis is severely limited. Researchers have developed techniques such as vapor deposition [7, 8], electron beam lithography [9–
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