Evolution and biogeography of the Zanclea -Scleractinia symbiosis
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Evolution and biogeography of the Zanclea-Scleractinia symbiosis Davide Maggioni1,2 • Roberto Arrigoni3 • Davide Seveso1,2 • Paolo Galli1,2 Michael L. Berumen4 • Vianney Denis5 • Bert W. Hoeksema6,7 • Danwei Huang8 • Federica Manca9,10 • Daniela Pica9 • Stefania Puce9 • James D. Reimer10,11 • Simone Montano1,2
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Received: 28 April 2020 / Accepted: 29 September 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Scleractinian corals provide habitats for a broad variety of cryptofauna, which in turn may contribute to the overall functioning of coral symbiomes. Among these invertebrates, hydrozoans belonging to the genus Zanclea represent an increasingly known and ecologically important group of coral symbionts. In this study, we analysed 321 Zanclea colonies associated with 31 coral genera collected from 11 localities across the Indo-Pacific and Caribbean regions, and used a multi-disciplinary approach Topic Editor Carly Kenkel
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-020-02010-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
to shed light on the evolution and biogeography of the group. Overall, we found high genetic diversity of hydrozoans that spans nine clades corresponding to cryptic or pseudo-cryptic species. All but two clades are associated with one or two coral genera belonging to the Complex clade, whereas the remaining ones are generalists associated with both Complex and Robust corals. Despite the observed specificity patterns, no congruence between Zanclea and coral phylogenies was observed, suggesting a lack of coevolutionary events. Most Zanclea clades have a wide distribution across the Indo-Pacific, including a generalist group extending also into the Caribbean, while two host-specific clades are possibly found exclusively in the Red Sea, confirming the importance of this peripheral
& Davide Maggioni [email protected]
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Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands
1
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
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Marine Research and High Education (MaRHE) Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, Faafu Magoodhoo Island 12030, Republic of Maldives
Department of Biological Sciences and Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
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Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Napoli, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
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Molecular Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
4
Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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