Evolution of Annealing Twins and Recrystallization Texture in Thin-Walled Copper Tube During Heat Treatment
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Evolution of Annealing Twins and Recrystallization Texture in Thin‑Walled Copper Tube During Heat Treatment Song‑Wei Wang1,2 · Hong‑Wu Song1 · Yan Chen1 · Shi‑Hong Zhang1,2 · Hai‑Hong Li3 Received: 5 January 2020 / Revised: 25 February 2020 / Accepted: 1 April 2020 © The Chinese Society for Metals (CSM) and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Thin-walled copper tubes are usually produced by multi-pass float-plug drawing deformation. In general, the annealing treatment subsequently is necessary to release the stored energy and adjusts the microstructure. In this study, an investigation on the evolution of annealing twins as well as textures in the thin-walled (Ф6 mm × 0.3 mm) copper tube underwent holding time-free heat treatment was reported. Electron backscattered diffraction analysis reveals that a large number of Σ3 boundaries (60° 〈111〉 twin relationship) are produced at the early stage of heat treatment, which is due to the lower boundary energy. With the recrystallization proceeding, the migration rate of grain boundaries decreases on account of the grain growth; meanwhile, the unique Σ9 boundaries (38.9° 〈110〉 relationship) are formed due to the interaction of the Σ3 boundaries. As a result, the number fractions of Σ3 boundaries and high-angle grain boundaries decrease rapidly. During the grain growth stage, a strong recrystallization texture was formed due to the fact that the grains of Goss orientation have a growth advantage over the others. As a result, the initial copper texture was transferred into the Goss texture in domination. Keywords Copper tube · Annealing twin · Heat treatment · Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis · Recrystallization texture
1 Introduction Since Carpenter and Tamura [1] firstly observed the formation of annealing twins in 1926, it has been found massively in the deformed and then annealed materials. Especially in the face-center cubic (FCC) metals with low or medium stacking fault energies (SFE) (i.e., Cu, Ag, and Ni), annealing twins are frequently observed [2–4]. According to Brandon’s criterion, the twin boundary in FCC crystal structure is characterized by rotating the orientation of the parent grain 60° about 〈111〉 axis [5]. The twin boundaries are also Available online at http://link.springer.com/journal/40195. * Shi‑Hong Zhang [email protected] 1
Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
2
School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 100049, China
3
School of Nuclear Equipment and Nuclear Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
defined as ∑3 boundaries that lies in the (111) plane of both crystals, which is one of the special boundaries exploited in grain boundary engineering [6–8]. The annealing twins in these metals with a variety of orientations will significantly affect the microstructures and textures, as well as the properties, i.e., strengthening of the nanostructured Cu [9], the nucleation o
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