Evolutional Characterization of Photochemically Induced Stroke in Rats: a Multimodality Imaging and Molecular Biological
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Evolutional Characterization of Photochemically Induced Stroke in Rats: a Multimodality Imaging and Molecular Biological Study Nai-Wei Liu 1 & Chien-Chih Ke 2,3 & Yonghua Zhao 1 & Yi-An Chen 2,4 & Kim-Chuan Chan 2 & David Tat-Wei Tan 2 & Jhih-Shian Lee 2,3 & You-Yin Chen 5 & Tun-Wei Hsu 6 & Ya-Ju Hsieh 7 & Chi-Wei Chang 8 & Bang-Hung Yang 3,9 & Wen-Sheng Huang 9 & Ren-Shyan Liu 2,3,5,8,9
Received: 28 August 2016 / Revised: 5 November 2016 / Accepted: 8 November 2016 # The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
Abstract Photochemically induced cerebral ischemia is an easy-manipulated, reproducible, relatively noninvasive, and lesion controllable model for translational study of ischemic stroke. In order to longitudinally investigate the characterization of the model, magnetic resonance imaging, 18F-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography, fluorescence, and bioluminescence imaging system were performed in correlation
Nai-Wei Liu and Chien-Chih Ke contributed equally to this work * Yonghua Zhao [email protected] * Ren-Shyan Liu [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa 999078, Macau
2
Biomedical Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
3
Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
4
Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
5
Department of Medical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
6
Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
7
Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
8
Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, School of Biomedicine and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, LiNong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
9
Department of Nuclear Medicine and National PET/Cyclotron Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
with triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC), hematoxylin-eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry examinations of glial fibrillary acidic protein, CD68, NeuN, von willebrand factor, and α-smooth muscle actin in the infarct zone. The results suggested that the number of inflammatory cells, astrocytes, and neovascularization significantly elevated in peri-infarct region from day 7 and a belt of macrophage/microglial and astrocytes was formed surrounding infarct lesion at day 14. Both vasogenic and cytotoxic edema, as well as blood brainbarrier leakage, occurred since day 1 after stroke induction and gradually attenuated with time. Numerous cells other than neuronal cells infiltrated into infarct lesion, which resulted in no visible TTC negative regional existence at day 14. Furthermore, recovery of cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization in peri-infarct zone were noted and more remarkably than
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