Examining the Big Bang and Diffuse Background Radiations Proceed
IAU Symposium No. 168, Examining the Big Bang and Diffuse Background Radiations, took place on August 23-26, 1994 at the XXIInd IAU General Assembly in the Hague, Netherlands. The meeting attracted a large number - over 250 - of astronomers, reflecting th
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INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL UNION UNION ASTRONOMIQUE INTERNATIONALE
EXAMINING THE BIG BANG AND DIFFUSE BACKGROUND RADIATIONS PROCEEDINGS OF THE 168TH SYMPOSIUM OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL UNION, HELD IN THE HAGUE, THE NETHERLANDS, AUGUST 23-26, 1994
EDITED BY
MENAS KAFATOS Center for Earth Observing and Space Research, Institute for Computational Sciences & Informatics, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, U.S.A.
and
YOJIKONDO NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, U.S.A.
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Exulnlng the bi g b~n g and diffuse b lc~!lroun d radiatIons I ed i ted b\l Henas Kafatos and VOl! Ko ndo. p. c •. - Interna t ional ASt rOlonlc a l UnIon Sy.posh. Volu . e 16S ---T .p. ver$o . Includes Index . ISBN 976·0-7923-3615-4 {h aroc over a l k. paper ! 1. COSlIC background r~d j atlon--Con !lre sses. 2. Sl g b ing theor\l-Con gr esses. 3 . Galax l es--Con g resses. t . Kafatos. Hlnas C. II. Kondo. VO JI . 0!!991.C64E93 1996 523. \--dc20 95-40169
ISBN-13: 978-0-7923-3815-4 001: 10.10071978-94-009-0145-2
e-ISBN-13: 978-94·009-0145-2
Published on behalf of the International Astronomical Union by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box /7, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Kluwer Academic Publishers incorporates the publishing programmes of D. Reidel, Martinus Nijhoff, Dr W. Junk and MTP Press. Sold and distributed in the U.SA. and Canado. by Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Nonvell, MA 02061, U.S.A. In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved ©1996 International Astronomical Union So/tcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1996
No part of the material protected by this copyright !Wtice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechcmical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IX
SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZING COMMITTEE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
PART 1: INVITED REVIEWS .............................. 1 L. WOLTJER: Introductory Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 VIRGINIA TRIMBLE: Backgrounds and the Big Bang: Some Extracts from Their History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 JOHN MATTER: Measurement and Implications of the Cosmic Microwave Background Spectrum .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17 G.F. SMOOT: Of Cosmic Background Anisotropies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 1. STRUKOV, et al: Status of the Relict-2 Mission and Our Future Plans. .. 45 R. B. PARTRIDGE: Fluctuations in the Microwave Sky . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 A.K. SINGAL: Radio Galaxies and Quasars as Cosmological Probes . . . . . 71 JAMES S. DUNLOP: High Redshift
