Exercise-Associated Muscle Cramps in the Tennis Player
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SPORTS INJURIES AND REHABILITATION: GETTING ATHLETES BACK TO PLAY (R GALLO, SECTION EDITOR)
Exercise-Associated Muscle Cramps in the Tennis Player Wesley Troyer 1 & Ally Render 2 & Neeru Jayanthi 3,4,5
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review Better define the proposed etiologies, risk factors, and treatment plans for exercise-associated muscle cramps in the tennis player. Recent Findings While no one theory has been able to fully explain the etiology behind exercise-associated muscle cramping, further classification of acute localized cramping and systemic or recurrent cramping may help guide future treatment and prevention strategies. Summary Neuromuscular fatigue more than electrolyte deficit or dehydration is believed to play a large role in development of exercise-associated muscle cramps. Despite inconclusive evidence at this time, electrolyte deficit may play more of a role in the development of recurrent or systemic muscle cramping in the tennis athlete. More research is needed to better define its conclusive etiology. Keywords Neuromuscular fatigue . Heat stress . Tennis cramping . Recovery
Introduction Muscle cramps are a common complaint among both recreational and competitive athletes and can range from a benign fasciculation that does not affect performance to a debilitating condition that can inhibit participation. They are defined as involuntary contractions of the skeletal This article is part of the Topical Collection on Sports Injuries and Rehabilitation: Getting Athletes Back to Play * Neeru Jayanthi [email protected] Wesley Troyer [email protected] Ally Render [email protected] 1
Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
2
Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
3
Emory Sports Medicine Center, Johns Creek, GA, USA
4
Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Department of Family Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
5
Emory Johns Creek Hospital, 6325 Hospital Pkwy, Suite 302, Johns Creek, GA 30097, USA
muscle that are characterized by their painful and sudden onset in nature [1]. Electromyographically, muscle cramps are characterized as the repetitive firing of normal motor unit action potentials. While cramping in an athlete can be a symptom of various conditions that require further workup to determine treatment, for the point of this review, we are discussing muscle cramps that occur during or immediately after exercise known as exerciseassociated muscle cramping (EAMC). This term is in accordance with the term EAMC throughout more recent sports medicine literature. In the past 20 years, proposed theories for the etiology of EAMC have included altered fluid and electrolyte balance, neuromuscular fatigue, and multiple environmental factors. While the level of evidence backing each of these proposals varies, it has provided mixed information in the literature in regard to guiding health providers with the most appropriate course of action when treating EAMC. In particular, tennis players are at ris
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