Existence Families, Functional Calculi and Evolution Equations

This book presents an operator-theoretic approach to ill-posed evolution equations. It presents the basic theory, and the more surprising examples, of generalizations of strongly continuous semigroups known as 'existent families' and 'regularized semigrou

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1570

Lecture Notes in Mathematics Editors: A. Dold, Heidelberg B. Eckmann, Zurich F. Takens, Groningen

1570

Ralph deLaubenfels

Existence Families, Functional Calculi and Evolution Equations

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest

Author Ralph deLaubenfels Mathematics Department Ohio University 315 B Morton Hall Athens, Ohio 45701-2979, USA

Mathematics Subject Classification (1991): 47D05, 47D 10,47A60, 34G 10, 35G 10, 47A1O, 47A12, 47F05

ISBN' 3-540-57703-3 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN 0-387-57703-3 Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. DeLaubenfels, Ralph, 1951- . Existence families, functional calculi, and evolution equations / Ralph deLaubenfels. p. ern, - (Lecture notes in mathematics; 1570) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-387-57703-3 1.Evolution equations. 2. Linear operators. 3. Functional analysis. I. Title. II. Series: Lecture notes in mathematics (Springer-Verlag); 1570. QA3.L28 no. 1570 [QA377] 510 s-dc20 [515'.353] 93-47576 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part ofthe material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1994 Printed in Germany SPIN: 10078796

46/3140-543210 - Printed on acid-free paper

To Karen, David, Michael and Evan

TABLE OF CONTENTS

O.

Introduction

I.

Intuition and Elementary Examples

1

II.

Existence Families

7

III.

Regularized Semigroups

13

IV.

The Solution Space of an Operator and Automatic Well-Posedness

24

V.

Exponentially Bounded (Banach) Solution Space

38

VI.

Well-posedness on a Larger Space; Generalized Solutions

55

IX

VII. Entire Vectors and Entire Existence Families

60

VIII. Reversibility of Parabolic Problems

66

IX.

The Cauchy Problem for the Laplace Equation

71

X.

Boundary Values of Holomorphic Semigroups

73

XI.

The Schr6dinger Equation

76

XII. Functional Calculus for Commuting Generators of Bounded Strongly Continuous Groups

79

XIII. Petrovsky Correct Matrices of Generators of Bounded Strongly Continuous Groups

86

XIV. Arbitrary Matrices of Generators of Bounded Strongly Continuous Groups

92

XV. More Examples of Regularized Semigroups

94

XVI. Existence and Uniqueness Families

97

VII

XVII.

C-resolvents and Hille-Yosida Type Theorems

104

XVIII.

Relationship to Integrated Semigroups

110

XIX.

Perturbations

113

XX.

Type of an Operator

125

XXI.

Holomorphic C -existence Families

128

XXII.

Unbounded Holomorphic Functional Calculus for