Exosomes as Vehicles for Systemic Drug Delivery
Naturally occurring compounds (e.g., lipids and proteins) can serve as constituents for carrier production; biological entities per se may also function as ready-made carriers for systemic delivery. Examples of these entities include bacteria, viruses, er
- PDF / 531,409 Bytes
- 26 Pages / 439.37 x 666.142 pts Page_size
- 3 Downloads / 247 Views
Exosomes as Vehicles for Systemic Drug Delivery Magnolia Muk-Lan Lee, Wing-Yan Wong, Brandon Dow Chan, and William Chi-Shing Tai
Abstract Naturally occurring compounds (e.g., lipids and proteins) can serve as constituents for carrier production; biological entities per se may also function as ready-made carriers for systemic delivery. Examples of these entities include bacteria, viruses, erythrocyte ghosts, and exosomes. While many of these entities have been extensively reviewed in the literature on therapeutics delivery, comparatively little discussion has focussed on exosomes, a subset of extracellular vesicles released by all types of cells which are involved in local and systemic intercellular communication. In fact, exosomes carry a wide range of cargos (including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids derived from their cell of origin) to recipient cells. This cargo-carrying systemic delivery system has already been exploited in the literature to transport therapeutics to target cells. In this chapter, we will provide an overview of the function, activity, and mechanisms of exosomes, methods for exosome isolation and cargo loading, and strategies for specific targeting of cells. The considerable potential for exosomes as a delivery method for therapeutics in disease will also be highlighted. Keywords Exosome · Non-viral delivery · Exocytosis · Biogenesis · Extracellular vesicles
Magnolia Muk-Lan Lee, Wing-Yan Wong, Brandon Dow Chan—These authors contributed equally to this chapter. M. M.-L. Lee · W.-Y. Wong · B. D. Chan · W. C.-S. Tai (B) Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong S.A.R., China e-mail: [email protected] W. C.-S. Tai State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 W.-F. Lai (ed.), Systemic Delivery Technologies in Anti-Aging Medicine: Methods and Applications, Healthy Ageing and Longevity 13, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54490-4_10
271
272
M. M.-L. Lee et al.
10.1 Introduction Drugs have long been used for maintenance of health, treatment of disease, and extension of lives. To date, a broad range of drugs have been identified to be effective toward different major diseases, including cancer, inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. However, despite the huge number of efficient chemical entities, drawbacks including low solubility, instability, low absorption, and toxicity hinder development of these chemical entities into drugs for the treatment of disease. As drugs are mostly administered via enteral, parenteral, and topical application, development of novel drug delivery systems for sustainable, biocompatible, and targeted drug delivery could potentially address a host of difficulties currently encountered during drug development. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by a variety of cell types. This conserved secretory process was ori
Data Loading...
