Experimental Analysis of Low-Velocity Impact Behaviors of Carbon Fiber Composite Laminates
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TECHNICAL ARTICLE—PEER-REVIEWED
Experimental Analysis of Low-Velocity Impact Behaviors of Carbon Fiber Composite Laminates X. K. Li . P. F. Liu
Submitted: 1 June 2017 / Published online: 20 September 2017 Ó ASM International 2017
Abstract Manufacture processing of composite laminates often leads to unequal thickness of lamina and different impact responses. However, almost all existing works neglected this problem because they considered equal thickness for each lamina. This paper aims to study the influence of unequal thickness of each lamina on the impact behaviors of composite laminates by experiments. Effects of the layup patterns and impact energy are mainly studied. Results in terms of the impact experiments of carbon fiber composite laminates show that subtle difference for the thickness of the total laminate leads to relatively large errors for the impact responses, especially for the impact force-deflection curves. Also, the ratio of absorbed energy to the impact energy increases with the specimen thickness. Therefore, the practical design of composite laminates should be taken into account this difference fully due to manufacturing. Keywords Composite laminates Impact experiments Manufacturing factors
Introduction Fiber-reinforced resin matrix composites have been widely used in many fields including airplanes, pressure vessels and new energy vehicle because of high strength and stiffness to density ratios as well as excellent designability [1–3]. However, composite structures are often subjected to
X. K. Li P. F. Liu (&) Institute of Chemical Machinery and Process Equipment, School of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
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low-velocity impact loads, leading to progressive damage and decrease of the structural integrity [4–6]. There are four main failure modes for composite laminates under impact loads including matrix cracking, fiber breakage, fiber/matrix interface debonding and delamination, in which the delamination and matrix cracking are two dominating damage modes during low-velocity impact. Because of weaker load-bearing ability of laminates in the transverse direction than in the longitudinal direction, it is important to concentrate on the transverse impact responses of laminates. Low-velocity impact tests have become an important approach to study the impact resistance and damage tolerance of composite laminates. Already, many impact experiments [7–9] have been launched to study the impact responses including the impact force-deflection responses and energy dissipation mechanisms. The main factors which affect the dynamic damage evolution behaviors of laminates include the thickness of the laminate, impact energy and layup pattern. Although the latter two factors can be easily controlled during manufacturing, the total thickness of the laminate is generally hard to control because the thickness of each lamina is very thin, e.g., 0.1–0.15 mm. Thus, what should be paid more attention to is to analyze the influence o
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