Experimental and computational study of smoke dynamics from multiple fire sources inside a large-volume building
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Experimental and computational study of smoke dynamics from multiple fire sources inside a large-volume building
1. Fluid Dynamics Division of the Department of Mining and Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain 2. Institute for Research in Technology, ICAI, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, Spain 3. Building Research Institute (ITB), Warsaw, Poland 4. Imperial College London, London, UK 5. JVVA Fire & Risk, Madrid, Spain
Abstract
Keywords
Fire in large-volume buildings poses separate and distinct challenges from compartmented spaces.
experiments,
In particular, the risk it poses on life safety is mostly due to the smoke it produces, its effects on the evacuation process, and how it can affect the firefighters when they approach the building to
simulation,
fight the fire and rescue the occupants. This is why smoke control in large-volume enclosures is of
buildings,
utter importance for life safety, property protection and business continuity. This research presents
FDS,
an experimental and numerical study of the smoke dynamics from four fire sources (combined heat release rate of 5.2 MW) with different ignition times and under transient ventilation conditions, inside a 20 m high cubic atrium. Temperature measurements in the plume and close to the walls have been recorded using 59 thermocouples. The data was used in the determination of the smoke layer interface height, with the least-square and the N-Percent methods. Results show that
Research Article
Gabriele Vigne1,5 (), Wojciech Węgrzyński3, Alexis Cantizano2, Pablo Ayala2, Guillermo Rein4, Cándido Gutiérrez-Montes1
fire,
CFD
Article History Received: 29 April 2020 Revised: 24 July 2020 Accepted: 19 August 2020
significantly worse conditions are induced by multiple sources than those in a single fire of equal power. The results have been obtained using the computational fluid dynamics code FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator, v6.7.1). The comparison shows that in the far field the temperature predictions
© Tsinghua University Press and
are accurate inside the smoke layer (10 m and 15 m) with discrepancies lower than 10%, whereas higher significant discrepancies were observed at the smoke layer interface, i.e. 5 m high, with discrepancies up to 20%. Furthermore, a grid analysis has been performed showing that grid
part of Springer Nature 2020
Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany,
shows the importance of considering fires with multiple sources due to the faster smoke production compared with single fires.
1
Introduction
The overall architectural trend is to design large open space compartments, such as large atria, shopping malls, industrial warehouses, airports, etc., which poses new challenges in determining the smoke movement and management in case of fire. In that regard, there are many different parameters affecting the evolution of the fire induced inner condition E-mail: [email protected]
(Gutiérrez-Montes et al. 2009). Thus, the influence of make-up air (Kerber and Milke 2007), the smoke exhaust system (Qin et
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