Experimental and Mathematical Simulation Study on the Granulation of a Modified Basic Oxygen Furnace Steel Slag
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STEEL slag is the main residue produced in the steel industry. Around 100 to 150 kg slag is discharged for producing 1 tonne steel.[1] Basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag represents the major portion of steel slag; it originates from the external fluxes (burnt lime or dolomite) and oxidation of impurities in the hot metal during the converter steelmaking process.[2] Due to the scale of steel production, approximately 10 million
CHUNWEI LIU is with the Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, Box 2450, Leuven, 3000, Belgium and also with the National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 North 2nd Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China. Contact e-mail: [email protected] PAVEL LEONARDO LOPEZ GONZALEZ, SHUIGEN HUANG, YIANNIS PONTIKES, BART BLANPAIN, and MUXING GUO are with the Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven and also with the Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, Box 2450, Leuven, 3001, Belgium. Manuscript submitted October 28, 2018.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
tonnes of BOF slag are generated annually.[3] Storage of the BOF slag not only represents a substantial financial burden to the steel industry, but also triggers environmental concerns due to the potential leaching of heavy metals, such as V, Cr, and Mn.[4] Recycling of slags as a secondary resource, alternatively, contributes to the sustainability of the steel industry and the environment. BOF slag is a CaO-rich silicate system in general, and it could be re-used in cement applications,[5,6] concrete aggregate,[7] road construction,[8] and as metallurgical fluxing agent.[9] Although high value-added applications such as cement appear to be more interesting, large-scale application of the BOF slag has been limited as a metallurgical fluxing agent due to its volume expansion.[8] The disintegration of bulk slags is caused by the hydration of free lime and magnesia (mainly free lime) in the slag,[10] which exhibits around 10 pct swelling.[11] Therefore, the chemical composition and cooling path should be modified to prevent volume instability of the slag and to improve its hydraulic/ cementitious potential. SiO2 and Al2O3 have been reported as effective modifiers to stabilize the BOF slag.[12,13] The addition of SiO2 results in more silicates, which bind the free CaO into calcium silicates. The
addition of Al2O3 produces more calcium aluminoferrite (formula Ca2(Al, Fe)2O5; in short, C2AF) by combining with free lime.[14–18] In addition to modifying the chemical composition, rapid cooling to form the glassy phase is an effective method to enhance the potential for use as binders towards added-value applications.[19] Ferreira Neto et al. investigated the effects of SiO2 and Al2O3 on the cementitious property of a steel slag under different cooling conditions. It was concluded that SiO2 and Al2O3 additions promote vitrification of the BOF slag by
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