Experimental and numerical investigation of building effects on wind erosion of a granular material stockpile
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URBAN AIR QUALITY, CLIMATE AND POLLUTION: FROM MEASUREMENT TO MODELING APPLICATIONS
Experimental and numerical investigation of building effects on wind erosion of a granular material stockpile Maria Clara S. Ferreira1 · Bruno Furieri2 Jean-Luc Harion3 · Jane Meri Santos2
· Cristina L. de Morais2 · Jamily F. Stocco2 · Neyval C. Reis Jr2 ·
Received: 25 September 2019 / Accepted: 20 July 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In the present work, wind tunnel experiments and numerical simulations were carried out to evaluate the physical behaviour of the fluid flow of a stockpile in the presence of an isolated cubic building. Comparing the obtained experimental results with those for the isolated stockpile configuration and observing the differences in the erosion patterns and emission estimates was possible to conclude that (i) the emissions considerably increase due to the presence of the building; (ii) the higher the free stream velocity, due to the presence of the obstacle, the more efficient the dynamics of the pavement process; and (iii) the increase of the gap between the building and the pile does not generate expressive changes in the emitted mass measurements. These findings play an important role since it is possible to obtain an optimal industrial open yard configuration where fewer particles are emitted to the atmosphere. Keywords Air pollution · Particulate emission control · Industrial site arrangement · Wind tunnel · CFD · Turbulent flows
Introduction Wind erosion process can lead to several environmental consequences as desertification, land degradation, loss of material and increase of particulate concentrations to the atmosphere. The air pollution is of particular interest since it has a direct impact on human health, mainly in regions with high availability of diffuse sources such as ore and coal stored in piles on open yards of industrial units. Wind erosion is dominated by the aerodynamic forces (drag and lift forces) that act to remove the particle from the surface and by the gravity and cohesion forces that act to
Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues Bruno Furieri
[email protected] 1
Department of Mathematics, Instituto Federal do Esp´ırito Santo, 29056-255 Vit´oria, ES, Brazil
2
Environmental Engineering Department, Universidade Federal do Esp´ırito Santo, 29060-970 Vit´oria, ES, Brazil
3
IMT Lille-Douai, F-59500 Douai, France
restrain its movement. The aerodynamic forces are usually quantified by means of the friction velocity, u∗ (square root of the ratio between wall shear stress and density), a variable characteristic of the boundary layer flow that represents the conceptual value of shear stress, τ , on the surface. The gravity and cohesion forces are considered by the threshold friction velocity (u∗t ), which defines the minimum friction velocity in which particle movement is initiated (Shao 2008). The balance between the friction velocity and the threshold friction velocity determines a criterion (Bagnold 1941; Iversen and White 19
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