Experimental and theoretical studies of chitosan modified titanium dioxide composites for uranium and europium removal
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Experimental and theoretical studies of chitosan modified titanium dioxide composites for uranium and europium removal Jian Wang
. Yingzhong Huo . Yuejie Ai
Received: 6 March 2020 / Accepted: 4 July 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Chitosan grafted titanium dioxide (CS/ TiO2) was synthesized to remove U(VI) and Eu(III) from aqueous solutions. The experimental results demonstrated that the removal of radionuclides was dependent on pH. The simultaneous elimination of U(VI) and Eu(III) proved that the presence of Eu(III) competed with U(VI) adsorption and caused the decreased elimination of U(VI) and vice versa. The retention of U(VI) on CS/TiO2 relied on the hydroxyl groups, and the Eu(III) removal could be attributed to the amidogen groups. DFT calculation results demonstrated that the most likely adsorption site was located between the chitosan and titanium dioxide. The adsorption of radionuclides on CS/TiO2 was the combinations of various adsorption situations. This study can contribute to the simultaneous adsorption of radionuclides and provide important information for removal of other contaminants.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03337-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. J. Wang (&) Y. Huo Y. Ai (&) MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China e-mail: [email protected] Y. Ai e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords Titanium dioxide Chitosan U(VI) Eu(III) Density functional theory calculation
Introduction For the past few years, the nuclear industry enjoyed unprecedented development, and nuclear energy has been widely used in different areas (Wang et al. 2018b). Nevertheless, there are many potential risks with using nuclear energy, such as the Fukushima nuclear accident that resulted in large-scale radionuclide contamination (Murakami et al. 2016). Because of long half-lives and radioactivity, these radionuclides including uranium (U) and europium (Eu) can pose serious threats to the ecological system and human health, which are restricting the utilization of the nuclear energy (Hettiarachchi et al. 2019; Manos and Kanatzidis 2012; Yuan et al. 2018; Zheng et al. 2014). Therefore, removal of radionuclides from the environment is significant to the fate of nuclear energy (Mei et al. 2019; Yu et al. 2019). A variety of techniques such as coagulation, catalytic reduction, ion exchange, and adsorption have been applied to purify the radioactive wastewater (Combernoux et al. 2017; Deng et al. 2019; Huang et al. 2018; Ma et al. 2015; Shang et al. 2019; Wang et al. 2018a). Among these treatment methods, adsorption is an environmental friendly, high efficiency, and low-cost
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technique (Pang et al. 2019; Wang et al. 2019d; Yin et al. 2019). Severa
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