Experimental investigation of biodiesel production from Madhuca longifolia seed through in situ transesterification and
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Experimental investigation of biodiesel production from Madhuca longifolia seed through in situ transesterification and its kinetics and thermodynamic studies Yuvarani Mani 1 & Thiruselvi Devaraj 1 & Kubendran Devaraj 1 & Salma Aathika AbdurRawoof 1 & Sivanesan Subramanian 1 Received: 14 February 2020 / Accepted: 4 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The present investigation aims to develop simultaneous extraction and conversion of inedible Madhuca longifolia seed oil into biodiesel by one-step acid-catalyzed in situ transesterification/reactive extraction process. Six different types of pretreatment were used to assess maximum yield of biodiesel. The maximum yield of 96% biodiesel was acquired with ultrasonic pretreatment at 1% moisture content, 0.61 mm seed grain size, 55 °C temperature, 400 rpm stirring speed, 15 wt% catalyst (H2SO4) concentration, and with 1:35 seed oil to methanol ratio in a time period of 180 min. This reaction kinetics precedes first order also the finest value of rate constant and activation energy were calculated as 0.003 min−1 and 14.840 kJ mol−1. The thermodynamic energy properties ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS are computed as 96457.172 J/mol, 12121.812 J/mol K, and − 257.12 J/mol K correspondingly. The enumerated outcome illustrates a heat absorb non-spontaneous/endergonic and endothermal reaction. The result of proposed work unveils ultrasonic pretreatment escalates the biodiesel efficiency and reactive extraction exemplifies the clean, cost-effective single-step approach for production of biodiesel from non-edible sources. Keywords Mahua oil . Pretreatment . Reactiveextraction . Fatty acidmethylester . Activation energy . Entropy . Enthalpy . Gibbs free energy
Introduction The demand for global energy and its aftermath of prospective paucity on fuel has coupled with price instability and pollutant emission. This improbable scenario requires attention to alternate energy sources to substitute petroleum products (Sambasivam and Murugavelh 2019). The use of vegetable oils as conventional fuel started since World War II when they were used as emergency fuels but these have high viscosity and excessive deposition and thickening of lube oil in the
Responsible Editor: Ta Yeong Wu Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09626-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Sivanesan Subramanian [email protected] 1
Department of Applied Science & Technology, Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India
diesel engine (Devarajan et al. 2019). To overcome the problems due to high viscosity direct blends, microemulsion, pyrolysis, and transesterification technologies were employed (Puhan et al. 2005a). The conventionally accepted alternative biofuel is the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), which is obtained in the process of transesterification from genesis like plant oils, algae, and animal fats/lipid (Rudreshaiah et al. 2
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