Ultrasound-intensified biodiesel production from algal biomass: a review
- PDF / 1,638,154 Bytes
- 21 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 65 Downloads / 219 Views
REVIEW
Ultrasound‑intensified biodiesel production from algal biomass: a review Dipesh Shikchand Patle1 · Ashutosh Pandey2 · Sameer Srivastava2 · Ashish N. Sawarkar1 · Sushil Kumar1 Received: 2 June 2020 / Accepted: 14 August 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Energy needs and environmental concerns are leading to the search for alternative renewable fuels such as biodiesel. Biodiesel from microalgae has recently gained attention due to the drawbacks of other feedstocks such as edible oils. Recent research is focussing on techniques to convert feedstock into quality biodiesel in a cost-effective way. Here, we review conventional and in situ biodiesel synthesis from microalgae. We present the various catalysts and ultrasonic reactors. We found that biodiesel production through ultrasonication assisted in situ processing of wet microalgae is at least three times more expensive than biodiesel production through conventional mechanisms from feedstocks such as waste cooking oil. Finally, we discuss the feasibility of ultrasound-intensified biodiesel production from microalgae. Keywords Biodiesel · Microalgae · Ultrasonication · In situ method · Transesterification Abbreviations ASTM American society for testing and materials BBAIL Benzimidazolium-based Brønsted acid ionic liquid BIS Bureau of Indian standards CPECI Chemical engineering plant cost index EN European standards FAME Fatty acid methyl ester
Introduction With increasing population and modernization, the total primary energy consumption is increasing continuously and is expected to increase by 57% from 2010–2040 (Lee et al. 2010). Increased energy consumption directly has an impact on the use of the total available fossil fuels since fossil fuels provide more than 80% of the total energy consumed (Kumar and Sharma 2016). Energy utilization from * Dipesh Shikchand Patle dipesh‑[email protected] 1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, Prayagraj 211004, India
Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, Prayagraj 211004, India
2
natural resources has long been an area of active research. In the dual crisis of fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation, biofuels, e.g., biodiesel are considered as one of the most potential source of alternative fuels (Schmidt 2007). Biodiesel is considered as an possible replacement of petro-diesel as biodiesel is non-toxic, biodegradable and renewable (Lei et al. 2011). However, more than 75% of the biodiesel production cost is toward the cost of feedstock (Atabani et al. 2012). In the present scenario, the plant seed oil is a major source of biodiesel production (Naik et al. 2010; Khiratkar et al. 2018). Generally, biodiesel can be classified into three generations. The extraction of oil from edible plant seeds, which refers to the first generation, puts pressure on the supply of food and hence problems with the food chain (Rodionova et al. 2017). Other dra
Data Loading...
