Experimental Investigation of Deformation and Spring-Back and Spring-Go Amounts of 1.5415 (16MO3) Sheet Material
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TECHNICAL ARTICLE
Experimental Investigation of Deformation and Spring‑Back and Spring‑Go Amounts of 1.5415 (16MO3) Sheet Material Mustafa Özdemir1 · Hakan Dilipak2 · Bülent Bostan3 Received: 2 June 2020 / Accepted: 25 September 2020 © ASM International 2020
Abstract The spring-go and spring-back behavior of 16Mo3 sheet metal as a result of the V-deep bending process was examined. In the bending process, the effect of normalization and tempering heat treatment on 16Mo3 sheet metals was also microstructurally examined. The experimental study was performed in two stages. In the first stage, the effects of the thickness of the sheet metal on spring-go and spring-back behavior were inspected. Thus, 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-mm-thick sheet metals to which unheated treatment was applied were subject to normalization and tempering, then bending processes wereapplied at a 150º bending angle in a punch tip radius of R 4.5 mm, and their spring-back and spring-go behaviors were examined. Secondly, the bending processes were applied. By removing small samples from the middle deformation area of the unheated treatment, normalization, and tempered sheet metals, their ferrite, pearlite, and martensite structures were microstructurally characterized, as a result of which, it was found that the material used in the heating process had a ferrite phase and pearlite structure, the normalization materials had fine pearlite structure and ferrite phase, and the annealed materials had a random and acicular martensite structure. Keywords Spring-back · Spring-go · Heat treatment · Sheet metal forming · Bending
Introduction Sheet metal die making has a great importance in meeting the increasing needs of modern society in land, sea, air, and space vehicles, various household goods and machines, industrial equipment, industrial structures and machine production, the defense industry, the construction and energy sectors, and in medical, and other applications. Some of the most important factors in such a wide usage can be listed as properties of more resistant, cheaper, and easier workability, * Mustafa Özdemir [email protected] Hakan Dilipak [email protected] Bülent Bostan [email protected] 1
Machine and Metal Technology Department, Vocational High School, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
2
Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
3
Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
formability, and combinability compared to other materials [1–3]. Sheet metal die making has an important place among production methods, providing great time saving, since mass production is in question in many other production methods. One of the most important application areas of sheet metal-forming processes is the bending process. Bending is a preferred production method because it improves the mechanical properties by increasing the toughness of the bent sample and providing a directed material flow [4–20]. One of the bi
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