Experimental investigation of the interaction between water and shear-zone materials of a bedding landslide in the Three
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Experimental investigation of the interaction between water and shear-zone materials of a bedding landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China Xuan Kang 1 & Guangli Xu 1
&
Zhang Yu 1,2 & Shun Wang 3 & Mengting Wang 1
Received: 2 September 2019 / Accepted: 18 April 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Most landslides induced by reservoir impoundment and rainfall in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of China are usually characterized by bedding-plane shear zones. This paper presents an experimental study of the interaction between water and shear-zone materials. A series of tests, including wetting-drying cycles and soaking tests, were carried out. The results show that the fluid-solid interaction not only reduces the shear strength of shear-zone soil but also accelerates the disintegration process of clastic rock from shear zone. After the fluid-solid interaction at different pH values, the clastic rock samples produce the most clay minerals in acidic solution. Similarly, the clay minerals of shear-zone soil samples increase dramatically after 45 days of soaking in acidic environment. According to the tests, it is found that the shear-zone soil in eluvium may originate from the weathered clastic rock near the shear zones under long-term fluid-solid interaction. Keywords Fluid-solid interaction . Shear-zone soil . Wetting-drying cycles . Clay minerals . Evolution relationship
Introduction Landslides become the most common, catastrophic geohazard in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) area of China after the first impoundment in 2003. Since the occurrence of the Qianjiangping landslide (Wang et al. 2004), researchers have realized that not only precipitation but also fluctuations of reservoir water level can affect the stability of landslides (Paronuzzi et al. 2013; Xia et al. 2015; Wang et al. 2018). The operation of TGR gives rise to 30-m water level fluctuations in the reservoir, with 175 m to 145 m to 175 m in each hydrological year. The slope soil above and below the 145-m elevation undergoes periodic wetting-drying and soaking
* Guangli Xu [email protected] 1
Engineering Faculty, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
2
Central Southern China Electric Power Design Institute Co, LTD. of China Power Engineering Consulting Group, Wuhan 430063, People’s Republic of China
3
Institut für Geotechnik, Universität für Bodenkultur, Feistmantelstrasse 4, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
conditions, respectively. Moreover, the discharge of pollutants in the TGR area prevents the reservoir water from maintaining neutrality (Müller et al. 2008; Ye et al. 2011), and these pollutants may have side effects on the soaked slope bank. The interaction between fluid and slope soil combined with external hydraulic conditions, such as reservoir water fluctuation and seasonal rainfall, may lead to potential failure in the slopes (Iverson 2000; Baum et al. 2010; Lora et al. 2016; Wang et al. 2020). In nature, it is believed that the fluid-solid i
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